Joseph Lyons

Joseph Aloysius Lyons (September 15th 1879 - April 7th 1939) was a Politician Australia N. It was the tenth Australian Prime Minister.

Biography

Lyons was born in Circular Head, close to Stanley in Tasmanie. It was wire of immigrants Irish. His/her father, Michael Lyons, were a farm rich person who, thereafter, reconvert themselves into the trade of the meat and the bread but his business périclita in consequence of his health condition and he had to be solved to resume a work of farm laborer. His/her mother, a woman courageous and enduring, did all that it could to keep her eight children but Joseph had to leave the school at 9 years to enter like apprentice at a printer. Thanks to the assistance of two aunts, it could take again the school and followed the courses of the " Philip Smith Teachers' College" Training; , with Hobart which enabled him to become teacher. He became also trade unionist and was registered very young person with the Australian Workers party in Tasmanie

In 1909 Lyons was elected appointed at the Parliament tasmanien. From 1914 to 1916, he was Minister for Finance, Minister for education and the rail-bound transports in the worker government tasmanien of John Earle. Minister for Education, it made pass from many reforms like the removal of the school fees for the public schools, the improvement of the wages and the work conditions of the teachers and the creation of the first " high schools" state tasmanien.

In 1915, he married Enid Burnell, a 18 year old teacher. It was a woman with the soaked character which exerted a great influence on her husband while it raised their eleven children.

When the Australian workers party burst on the subject of the conscriptionen 1916, during the First World War, Earle, a partisan of the conscription, followed the First Federal minister Billy Hughes and left the party. But, like much the Australian ones of catholic Irish origin, Lyons was opposed to the conscription and remained with the workers party of which he became the new leader in Tasmanie.

He was then the chief of the Labor opposition to the Parliament of Tasmanie until 1923 when he became Prime Minister of a coalition government. He occupied this station until 1928, exerting at the same time the role of Minister for Finance during all his mandate. He followed a careful and pragmatic policy, maintaining good relationships with the business world and the conservative government of Canberra but attracting some criticisms of his unionistic allies. In 1928 its party lost the elections at the expense of the nationalist Parti Australia.

In 1929, Lyons launched out in the policy at the federal level, gaining the seat of Wilmot to the elections which transfer to arrive at the capacity the member of the Labor Party James Scullin. Lyons was named Ministre for the Stations, the Work and the Railroads.

When the Grande depression struck Australia in 1930, the Scullin government divided on the action to be taken. Lyons was made the chief of lawyers of an orthodoxe policy of finances and an economy deflationary against the opinion of the Minister for Finance, Ted Theodore, in favor of a policy pro-keynesienne.

Ted Theodore had to resign in June 1930, accused of corruption and Scullin took again the wallet of Finances in addition to that of Prime Minister. Lyons took over temporarily the duties of Scullin as Minister for Finance of August 1930 in January 1931 whereas Scullin was in Great Britain for the Imperial Conference.

Lyons in October 1930 announced its draft budget, insistent on the need to have a balanced budget, to cross in the expenditure and the wages of the state, to maintain interest rates low and to facilitate the appropriations for Industry.

This rather preserving economic approach attracted the favors of the business men to him but ran up against the hostility of the members of its party who were in favor to worsen the deficit to start again the economy and opposite with the idea to reduce the expenditure and wages of the state. Aggravated by the behavior of his/her colleagues, Lyons started to be let allure by the proposal for a certain number of influential business men of Melbourne to resign of the government to take the head of a new preserving opposition party.

When Scullin returned to Australia in January 1931, it re-elected Theodore (of which it was obvious that it would not be accused in the corruption affair) at the post of minister of Finances what Lyons took for a disavowal of its political projects. Lyons resigned immediately of its station to the government then in March of the workers party. Followed by another of the principal Ministers for the government Scullin, James Peg wood, and from three other members of Parliament of the right wing of the party, it passed in the rows of the opposition. With the opposition party the Nationalist Party, the five dissidents of the socialist party and three preserving members of Parliament independent, they formed soon a new party The United Australia Party (UAP), which was in fact only the continuation of the old nationalist party under another name.

Lyons was selected as chief of the new party (and this fact became chief of the opposition to the Parliament) in the place of the leader of the old nationalist party, John Latham because it gave a more favorable image of the party and in particular should bring back voters from its Labor, Irish and catholic origins.

At the same time that Lyons passed in the opposition, five members of the left wing of the workers party, in favor of the Prime Minister of News-Wales of the South, Jack Lang left the majority to pass in the left opposition and to form the " Lang Labor". The government was found without majority with the House of Commons.

Later this year there, the partisans of Jack Lang decided to vote with UAP to reverse the government and to cause new elections. The elections took place in December 1931. Lyons and its party offered an image of serious vis-a-vis a burst workers party and largely gained the elections. The new government was formed in January 1932 and Lyons became the third Labor Prime Minister of origin to being named at this station under another label.

For its first mandate, the UAP had an absolute majority but after the elections of 1934, Lyins had to form a coalition with the preserving deputies of the " Country Party". Until 1935, Lyons held the post of minister of Finances at the same time as that of Prime Minister. During its mandate, it applied the preserving policy which it had announced during the government of Scullin, cutting in the public expenditure and reducing the debt and it could profit at the same time from the world economic revival of 1932.

With the foreign affairs, it supported Great Britain and was a burning defender of the Société of the Nations. Its government sought to find areas of agreement with the German, Italian governments and Japanese to avoid a new world war but it prepared all the same with the war by increasing the number of soldiers, by creating a factory of planes, new arms factories and new shipyards

In 1934, the ambitious one and talented Robert Menzies was elected at the Parliament and appeared immediately as the successor of Lyons although he always denied to want to take his place. The government gained third once the elections in 1937, but the international situation darkens at the end of the years 1930 and Lyons, pacifist of long time, became very depressed. Many believed that it would leave its place to Menzies which had resigned of the government to protest against its inaction but Lyons did not resign. The April 7th 1939, Lyons died suddenly of an heart attack in Sydney at the 59 years age.

It was the first Prime Minister to die in the performance of its duties, the first Prime Minister (and always only) with being originating in Tasmanie.

Its widow was the first woman with being elected appointed at the federal Parliament and the first to enter to the Cabinet of Robert Menzies where it was named " Vice-president off the Executive Council" , an honorary station.

External bonds

Joseph Lyons on '' primeministers.naa.gov ''

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