Joseph Goebbels
Paul Joseph Goebbels was a Politician German Nazi , born with Rheydt the October 29th 1897. It gave itself death to Berlin the 1 {{er}} May 1945 with his wife Magda, after having poisoned their six children. It was Minister for Reich to the Education of the people and with Propaganda under the Nazi regime (1933 - 1945) and its name remains indissolubly related to the use of modern technologies of the Manipulation of the masses. It became synonymous with the Mensonge S and hatreds which are able to diffuse the Propagande S of the State S totalitarian.
Biography
Doctor in German Philology, journalist and novelist, it joined NSDAP (Left National German Socialist the Workers) directed by Adolf Hitler as of 1922. He is one of the close relations of the Führer as of 1926 after one more distant period, in particular because of the financial support brought by the German industrialists to Hitler, which ran up against the ideas “anticapitalists” of Goebbels and the left wing of NSDAP. But Hitler manages to move away it from the brothers Gregor and Otto Strasser and from this “communist” current while making him read the chapters of Mein Kampf devoted to the Propagande. Gauleiter of Berlin starting from 1926, it is elected as of the legislative elections of May 1928, becoming thus one of the twelve first Député S of NSDAP to be sat at the Reichstag.-
“We enter to the Reichstag like wolves the sheep-fold. ”, he in the Angriff writes, the newspaper which it had founded in 1927.
He marries Johanna Maria Magdalena Behrend (better known under the name of Magda Goebbels) the December 19th 1931. Under the Third Reich, the Propagande makes of Magda Goebbels the wife and the model mother of the Germany Nazie. It has however, between 1936 and 1938, a connection with a Czech actress, Lida Baarova. It seems that it is on the insistence of Hitler that the Goebbels couple did not separate.
The March 11th 1933, Hitler names it ministry for Reich to the Education of the people and Propaganda because of its talents of speaker and rhetorician. Its role is very important in the installation of the Dictature Nazie and of the diffusion of the watchwords. According to him, “the ideal, it is that the press is organized with such a smoothness that it is to some extent a piano on which can play the government” and “criticism is authorized only with those which are not afraid to go in Concentration camp”. |date= November 23rd, 2007
It is its ministry which regent and censures the Written press, the radio, the Cinéma, the art… Under the impulse of Goebbels, the modern means of Communication are developed considerably: radio, information cinematographic and even television (as of 1935).
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on March 21st 1933, it is him which organizes the Journée of Potsdam, little before the vote of the Loi of the full powerss by the Reichstag, at the time which Hitler obtained the rallying of the Zentrum against possible guarantees Constitutionnelle S which will not be carried out.
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As of September 1933, a law obliges to adhere to a Room culture of Reich ( Reichskulturkammer ) to be able to follow an artistic occupation or that of editor association of a newspaper. As this adhesion is prohibited with “not-Aryan”, these professions only become thus held for the Aryan.
Goebbels is constantly with the outposts in the toughening of the mode against the Juif S. Before the war, for example, at the time of the Nuit of crystal, of which it seems the principal instigator. It is described like Mediterranean, small type (measuring 1m65 hardly), the deformed of the continuations of a Pied-bot or a Ostéomyélite, skeletal right leg, of complexing morbid and having a prominent and pointed nose. Of all the leaders of Third Reich, Joseph Goebbels had the appearance most moved away from the Canon esthetics Nazi of large fair with the blue eyes athletic. The roof occurs when Goebbels does not hesitate to make appear his/her own children in a film of 1939 intended to justify the policy of Euthanasie disabled person whereas itself was reformed of military service because of its club-foot. According to Joachim Fest, he sought to compensate for his physical defects by a devotion complete with the Nazism.
Following the demolished of Stalingrad, Goebbels pronounces on February 18th, 1943 one of its more important speeches with the sport hall ( Sportpalast ) of Berlin. Conscious that Germany runs a mortal risk now, it makes approve by 15.000 deputy the all-out war. He concludes his speech by this sentence: " And now people, rise, and you, storm, " breaks out;.
Near to Hitler to which it dedicates an admiration without terminals, Goebbels plays a determining role with Berlin in the failure of the Complot of July 20th, 1944 against Adolf Hitler.
It becomes immediately after “plenipotentiary for the All-out war” in July 1944. It follows its Führer until the last days of the Third Reich. The ministry for Propaganda, with the service of “the holy crusade of the 20th century against the Bolchevism”, mobilizes the German troops and the remainder of the Population as the military situation worsens. It is directly responsible for the Volkssturm , troops of reserve made up of teenagers and elderly.
After the suicide of Hitler in the afternoon of the April 30th, it is Chancelier of Reich of April 30th with the 1er May. Its last attempts consist in trying to contact the Russians who are in Zimmerstrasse, not far from the Bunker, while managing with his aide-de-camps to install a telephone and communicating with the Soviets. It then tries to negotiate a Armistice, but really does not manage to communicate directly with the Russian authorities.
Refusing a unconditional surrender categorically, Goebbels then gives itself death to the evening of May 1st 1945 with his Magda wife, after it killed their six older children from 4 to 12 years by poisoning them using cyanide. Just like Hitler, its body is partially burned by the aide-de-camps of the chancellery.
The copious Journal held by Goebbels of 1923 with 1945 is a capital document for the historians and comprises 29 volumes published completely by the Institut für Zeitgeschichte (Institute of Modern history of Munich). One discovers there, of the interior, the complex operation of the system Nazi, the servile Idolâtrie of Goebbels with respect to his infallible Master, the intrigues and competitions within the first circle, and especially the machine to handle the spirits which Goebbels directs. Three topics will be used to him until the end to maintain its clean Illusion S on final success whereas Soviet and allied troops obviously put at knees “Large Germany”: Jews, persons in charge of the evil by definition, Soviets, another incarnation of the absolute evil, and promises of better following days. One discovers also the psychology of a key character of the “thousand-year-old Reich” denying the crimes Nazis and being indignant at the “criminal bombardments” of the German cities, so that one ends up wondering whether he wrote to handle even the posterity or if he believed in his speech.
Writings of Goebbels
- Joseph Goebbels, Michael , novel, 1929.
- Joseph Goebbels, Newspaper 1923-1933 , Collective, ED. Tallandier, 907 pages, 2006,
- Joseph Goebbels, Newspaper 1943-1945 , Collective, ED. Tallandier, 766 pages, 2006.
- the newspaper of Goebbels, Joseph Paul Goebbels , ED. Tallandier, 2007,
In the first published volume of the translation in French of the “Newspaper” of Goebbels ( Newspaper 1943-1945 , text established and annotated by Pierre Ayçoberry), one attends the decline then with the fall of the Third Reich. Thanks to a rigorous scientific edition, this work is a document of first order on the wheels of the capacity in the Nazi Germany. The style is frequently grandiloquent and it is obvious that Goebbels wrote while thinking of being read later. It is undoubtedly why the writings of Goebbels derive gradually towards self-justification and research from culprits to explain the increasingly probable defeat of the Nazi Germany. The two main targets of Goebbels are for this reason the Luftwaffe - and through it Göring - and the high command of the Wehrmacht, more particularly the aristocratic mediums. Behind this last criticism, one feels to sting the fascination of Hitler and Goebbels for Stalin which has, according to them, succeeded in setting up an ultimate totalitarian mode by eliminating all the intermediate circles. The Shoah is approached only in an allusive way, in particular through the repeated formula several times according to which it would be necessary “to cut the bridges”. It is however undeniable that Goebbels was completely informed and it has, as a Gauleiter, taken part in an active way in the deportation of the Juifs of Berlin.
Lastly, the text describes in a seizing way the anarchy which reigns in the decisional mediums of the Third Reich and thus definitively makes steal in glares the myth of the machine of well oiled German war. In the absence of a final hierarchy and of a clear distribution of competences, one attends ceaseless personal quarrels indeed - in which Goebbels is never the last to be implied - where the goal is in fine to gain the favors of a Führer locked up more and more in its madness. This climate makes difficult even impossible decision making, the realization of any concrete plan. Thus Goebbels does not have of cease to call with the all-out war and épanche continuously on the subject whereas in fact, of meeting in meeting, the project does not advance. Goebbels itself takes in 1944 thousands of soldiers on the face of the East to turn as observers in one of its film productions, a nonsense among so much of others…
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