Joseph Carl Robnett Licklider

Joseph Carl Robnett Licklider (born on March 11th, 1915 - deceased on June 26th, 1990) is a American Informaticien also known under the names of J.C.R. or " Lick". He is regarded as one of the most important figures of the Histoire of data processing.

After the first work in Psychoacoustics, it was interested very quickly in the Technologies the information. Following the example Vannevar Bush, the ideas of J.C.R. Licklider' S contributed to the development of Internet. It anticipated the interconnection in network of the Ordinateur S equipped with convivial user interfaces. He imagined well before their birth the graphic data processing, the interfaces based on Dispositifs of pointing, the numeric libraries, the e-business, the online banking, and even the idea of the distant programs which would migrate via the network where one would need them. It was named " the pioneer of the informatique" , to have sown the " seeds informatiques" digital age.

Licklider had a role particularly imortant in the design, the financing and management of the research which led to the Personal computer and with Internet. Seminal His paper one Man-Computer Symbiosis foreshadowed interactive computing, and He went one development to fund early efforts in time-sharing and application, most notably the work off Douglas Engelbart, who founded the Augmentation Research Center At Stanford Research Institute and created the famous On-Line System. He played has similar role in conceiving off and funding early networking research, most notably the ARPANet. His 1968 paper one The Computer ace has Communication Device predicts the uses off computer networks to support communities off common interest and collaboration without glance to hiring.

Early life

Single child, wire of salesman, Licklider were born in the town of Saint-Louis (Missouri), with the the United States. It very early showed talents of engineer, by building Maquette S of planes. This passion never left it: it passed its life to restore old cars.

He studied At Washington University in St Louis, where He received has BA in 1937, majoring in physics, maths and psychology, and year MY in psychology in 1938. He received has off doctorate in Psychoacoustics from the University Rochester in 1942, and worked At the Psycho-Acoustic Laboratory At Harvard University from 1943 to 1950. He became interested in Information technology, and moved to Massachusetts Institute off Technology (MIT) in 1950 aces year associate professor, where He served one has committee that established MIT Lincoln Laboratory and established has psychology program for engineering students. He worked one has Cold War project known ace Semi Automatic Ground Environment (better known by its Acronym " SAGE"), designed to create has computer-aided air defense system. WISE The system included computers that collected and presented dated to has human operator, who then thing the appropriate response. In 1957, He became has Vice President At Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc., where He bought the first production PDP-1 public computer and conducted the first demonstration off Time-sharing. He was elected president off the Acoustical Society off America in 1958.

In 1960, Licklider wrote his famous paper Man-Computer Symbiosis , which outlined the need for simpler interaction between computers and computer users. Licklider has been credited ace year early pioneer off Cybernetics and AI. Unlike many AI practitioners, Licklider never felt that men would Be replaced by computer-based beings. Ace He wrote in that article: " Men will set the goals, formulate the assumptions, given the criteria, and perform the evaluations. Computing machines will C the routinizable work that must Be gives to prepares the way for insights and decisions in technical and scientific thinking."

Licklider stated for the first time of the ideas relative to a total network of computers in 1962, to BBN, in a series of articles dealing with the concept of galactic network. These ideas included already almost all that Internet is today. The article '' the computer like communications tools '', in Science and Technology, April 1968, illustrates its vision of the applications in network.

In October 1962, Licklider was named responsible for the Office of the Techniques of Data processing (IPTO) to the ARPA, organization of defense American in charge of the research projects advanced. It will in particular succeed in convincing Robert Taylor of the importance of the concept of loop network of computers. During two years, it financed the MAC project to build powerful a central Ordinateur having to answer 30 simultaneous users sitted each one with a terminal of the type Typewriter. It financed projects similar to the Université Stanford, with UCLA, like the Laboratoire of Improvement of Knowledge to the Research institute Stanford, directed by Douglas Engelbart which invented the mouse later.

In 1968, J.C.R. Licklider became director of the project MAC with the MIT and professor at the Department of Electronic engineering. The MAC project gave rise to the first system with Time-divided, CTSS, and with the one of the first interactive environments via the development of Multics, from which work began in 1964. Multics is the ancestor of the Operating system Unix developed in the Laboratoires Beautiful by Kenneth Thompson and Dennis Ritchie in 1970

In 1985, it took its retirement and became Professor emeritus. It died out with Arlington (Massachusetts).

See too

the Community of interest

References

Mr. Mitchell Waldrop (2001) The Dream Machine: J.C.R. Licklider and the extensive Revolution That Made Computing Personal ISBN 0-670-89976-3 is year biography off J.C.R. Licklider.
Man-Computer Symbiosis paper, JCR Licklider, March 1960.
Augmenting Human Intellect paper, Douglas Engelbart, October 1962.
Joseph Carl Robnett Licklider, Libraries off the Future. Cambridge, MY.: 1965.
The Computer ace has Communication Device - This also includes has .pdf version off the Man-Computer Symbiosis paper.
Networks Computer: The Heralds off Resource Sharing video documentary, 1972. Licklider explains online resource sharing, butt 10 minutes into the documentary, and reappears throughout.
From World Brain to the World Wide Web, Reading At Gresham College, 9 November 2006
Seeding Networks: the Federal Role, Larry Close, Communications off the ACM, PPP 11-18, Flight 39. , No 10, October, 1996. With survey off U.S. government funded research and development preceding and including the National Science Foundation backbone and international connections programs.
Before the Altair -- The History off Personal Computing , Larry Close, Communications off the ACM, September, 1993, flight 36, No 9, p 27-33. With survey off research and development leading to the personal computer including Licklider' S contributions.

Random links: