Joseph' Marie Auguste Caillaux , born with the Mans (the Sarthe) the March 30th 1863 and died in Mamers (the Sarthe) the November 21st 1944, is a Politician French, of socialist tendency in its first years.
Former student of the college of Mans, then College Condorcet, it is bachelor of law of the faculty of Paris. It begins its career as 1888, tax inspector to 1898 and gives courses to the Private school of political sciences. Elected in 1898 appointed of the Sarthe (mandate which it will preserve until in 1919), figure of the radical party, which it chairs in 1912, it evolves thereafter to the center.
He exerted various ministerial responsibilities:
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of the June 22nd 1898 with 1902: Minister for Finance (Government Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau);
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of the October 25th 1906 with the July 20th 1909: Minister for Finance (Gouvernement Georges Clémenceau (1)), station in which it was illustrated, in 1907, by the project of establishment of a Income tax, which was used as a basis for the reform of the direct taxation installation of 1914 at 1917. During this period, it tried to make adopt its project of graduated income on the income, consisting in replacing the four taxes created for the revolutionary period by a single tax, but it ran up against the hostility of the Senate, which rejected its text in 1907. Its ideas were used however basic for the reform of the direct taxation which was carried out between 1914 and 1917.
He exerted the functions of President of the Council:
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of the June 27th 1911 with the January 11th 1912: to see Government Joseph Caillaux
succédant with Ernest Monis (government Monis), and being in its turn replaced by Raymond Poincaré (1 {{er}} government);
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of the June 27th 1911 with the January 11th 1912: Minister of Interior Department (function cumulated with the presidency of the Council) it was in favor of a compromise with Germany at the time of the Takeover by force of Agadir, trader, with his Minister for the colonies Albert Lebrun, the freedom to maneuver of France in Morocco against the abandonment in Germany of some African territories. With the fall of its cabinet, partly caused by the hostility of the nationalists, he was elected president of the Radical party;
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of the December 9th 1913 with the March 17th 1914: Minister for Finance (Government Gaston Doumergue (1)). It is constrained with the resignation after the murder of Gaston Calmette, director of the Figaro , made by his own wife, exceeded by a violent campaign carried out by the daily newspaper against her husband (and orchestrated in writing pad by Louis Barthou and Raymond Poincaré).
Continued as from December 1917 at the request of Georges Clémenceau, for supposed intelligences with the enemy as for some of his sulfurous relations, it will have to await 1920, sharing its time between the Prison of Health and the house arrest, to appear before the High Court of justice. This one condemned it to three years of prison for “involuntary assistance” brought to the enemy by his words, its relations and its virulent political opposition. He however will be amnestied on January 1st 1925, after a favorable vote of the House of Commons, after proposal of the Herriot government and will take again his career politique.
at once
He was indeed elected senator of July 1925 with 1940, and chaired until in July 1940 the Committee of supply of the Senate, where he will be made fear by a certain authoritarianism. He also finds in July 1925 his seat of general adviser of the canton of Mamers and in September following the presidency of the General advice of the Sarthe until 1940.
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Of the April 17th 1925 with the October 25th 1925: Minister for Finance (Government Paul Painlevé (2))
It was again named Minister for Finance in the Gouvernement Fernand Bouisson, but its presence in the cabinet involved an opposition such as it the very same day involved the inversion of the government of its presentation in front of the House of Commons (June 4th 1935).
July 10th, 1940, it belongs to the members of Parliament who vote the full powerss with the marshal Pétain, then is withdrawn in his property of Mamers, refusing to continue its political activities. It spends its last years to supplement and complete its memories published in 1942-1943, not without sorrow, it occupying and Vichy delaying the authorization of edition.
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