Jose Rizal , (Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado there Alonzo Realonda) (June 19th 1861 Calamba, Laguna - December 30th 1896 Manila), is a poet, novelist, and Filipino artist. Doctor and surgeon ophtalmologist, politician and linguist of foreground, he played a crucial role in the emancipation of the Filipino people and his release of the Spanish colonial yoke. He paid this engagement of his life. He is the large national hero in his country, the Filipino .

Biography

Its epigraph

In this horrible drama which was… the Filipino Revolution, a figure is detached, noble and pure between all, that of Jose Rizal, the National hero.

Erudite, poet, artist, philologist, writer, who knows which… work, émancipatrice and fertilizes, this Tagal, this man of color, this “Wild”, could have given to its fatherland and to humanity if the European Barbarie had stupidly killed it?

Ramon SEMPAU, in Foreword of " Noli me tangere" , Page I.

Its life

Child of a rich person Filipino family Chino- Tagal E, Jose Rizal made his studies of medicine in Manila. This Coloured man also attended the best European universities, (Madrid, Paris, Berlin). At the time of its many voyages, Spain, France, Germany, England, State-Plain, it acquires a training of surgeon ophthalmologist, obtains diplomas in philosophy and learns from many languages. He is one of the most important linguists of his time and does not control less than 23 languages, of which German, Hebrew, Arabic. He translated Schiller into Tagalog, and at the time of its stay in Germany he illustrated the famous stories of max und Moritz , of Wilhelm Busch.

As a leader of the Mouvement of propaganda of the Filipino students of Spain it signs articles for the newspaper Solidaridad of Barcelona and proposes reforms democratic for Philippines. It suggests in particular that they are regarded as a province with whole share of Spain and that they are represented in the Cortes (Parliament). He writes several Spanish books, which severely criticize the religious capacity in its country ( Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo , to see further). Intellectually influenced by a very thorough reading of Don Quichotte which nourishes her works written in a powerful style, it carries the Spanish language at the top of its richness, while increasing it by the vocabulary originating in the islands. Its books, prohibited with their publication, circulated initially clandestinely. Rizal militates and takes part in secret societies and is allocated to Philippines. In the night of July 7th 1892, conspirators meet in a house with Manila to create the secret society of Andrès Bonifacio, the Katipunan ( Ang Kataastaasan Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng Anak ng Bayan - Great and very honourable fraternity of wire of the people ), also indicated under the acronym K.K.K whose initials will be represented on many revolutionary flags. Without to be consulted, Jose Rizal will be designated “de facto” as honorary president of the movement of which it does not approve the violent option. The role of Katipunan was indeed the organization of the general insurrection of Philippines.

The Spanish authorities stop Rizal and assign it with exile in the island of Mindanao in the South of the country, in Dapitan. During its years of exile, it founds a school, teaches the agricultural languages and techniques. It buys grounds and cultivates an immense plantation implementing modern technologies. It continues its activity of doctor and practical to the daily newspaper of many surgical operations in its speciality, ophthalmology. In 1896, whereas the hardly civil one starts, Rizal disunites revolutionists with which it stigmatizes the intellectual insufficiency and the methods. Always supervised by the Spanish authorities, the writer feels the danger to approach following the implications to his name in the projects the K.K.K. He consequently seeks to leave the country and commits himself being useful as a voluntary doctor, with Cuba where an epidemic of yellow fever prevails. He profits from the support of the maconic cabins and the general governor of Philippines, Blanco, which supports its departure.

However, while it sails towards Spain, Rizal is arrested on board its steamer, is imprisoned in Barcelona at the height Montjuich, and is returned to Manila, where it is held in the fort of Santiago. The role of the Blanco governor in this arrest is not elucidated yet by the historians. But it is the general Despujols who, as governor of Barcelona, governed the " horrors of Montjuich " . The December 30th 1896, it is shot after a sham trial. It was 35 years old. Becoming a martyr at once, his death amplifies resistance. The United States of America intervene following the call of Aguinaldo. Spanish leaves Philippines in 1898 after having sold the country to the new colonizer. Passed under the American domination, the country was independent only in 1946.

Its literary work

Poet, playwright, novelist, Jose Rizal are the author, in his youth, of a play: El Consejo of los Dioses ( the Council of the Gods ) where it pays a vibrating homage to Cervantès and Don Quichotte. Its novels Noli me Tangere ( does not touch me , 1887), published with Berlin in Spanish and El Filibusterismo ( Obstructionisme or Pillage , 1891), published has Ghent, strongly inspired by Don Quichotte, played a vital part for the unification of the country around a spiritual ideal liberator. Rizal knows and controls the most inventive Castilian, incurvations and all the provincial resources of Spain and Philippines which are worth to him, still today, critical of certain scholars who see linguistic insufficiencies precisely where conceals a misunderstood treasure. Linguist, Rizal makes his knowledge an effective weapon: he collects the power of the occupying colonial language, and sublimates it while joining again with the ontological genius of the Castilian.

The ideal quichottien which Rizal recommends is worth him to be regarded as the Don Quichotte of Philippines. Rizal also wrote collections of poems. Its last poem, written the day before its execution is entitled Mi último adiós .

The national hero

Jose Rizal is the national hero of Philippines. A memorial is drawn up close to the sea, at the end of the Rizal park to Manila, place of its execution. The statue, kept day and night by two soldiers, is out of granite of Uri. It was cut by the Swiss sculptor Richard Kissling, the author of the famous statue of Guillaume Tell. One can read on the plate:

“ I want to show with those which refuse us the right to patriotism that when we know to sacrifice ourselves for our duty and our convictions, that death imports if one dies for what one likes - for its fatherland and the beings which are expensive to us. ”

In strong Santiago, in Manila, a museum is devoted to Rizal. The university of Philippines of the South with Cebu has a museum which preserves objects having belonged to him. Its effigy is reproduced on parts, banknotes and postage stamps Filipino. Many streets and schools bear its name. December 30th, birthday of its execution is bank holiday.

Catalog of films

At the time of the centenary of the independence of Philippines in 1998, a film was carried out on the life and the work of the writer. Jose Rizal , Realization Marilou Diaz-Abaya, scenario Ricardo Lee, Jun Lana and Peter Ong Lim. With, in the main roles: Cesar Montano, Joel Torre, Gloria Diaz.

Quotations

• It does not have there tyrants where there are no slaves

• Spain, to be large need does not have to be tyrant.
• I will be as regards oppressed Filipino, because above all I prefer to succumb for the rights of ridiculed of humanity that to triumph for the egoistic interests over a nation, even when this nation is called Spain.
• hatred creates only monsters, the crime, criminals… Pure and without spot must be the victim so that the holocaust is acceptable.
• the Latin truths are lies in tagal.
• Croire randomly is to accept the miracle; it is always to suppose that God does not know the future.
• Which is what chance? An event that nobody had envisaged. What is what the miracle? A contradiction, an inversion of the natural laws. Lack of foresight and contradiction in the Intelligence which directs the machine of the world mean two great imperfections.
• the ball yields in front of the word, because the word rises in the harmony of the involved forces and makes emerge an energy that the material powers cannot contain…
• Quotation of its last letter to the professor Fernando Blumentritt - My dear brother, when you receive this letter I die. Tomorrow with 7:00, I must be shot, but I am innocent crime of rebellion…

Random links:

Philippe Douste-Blazy | Routing Information Protocol | Robert Debré | Kimbell Art Museum | Sangmélima