Jose Gervasio Artigas

Jose Gervasio Artigas (born with Montevideo, Uruguay, the June 19th 1764 - died with Ibiray, Paraguay, the September 23rd 1850) was a Militaire Plain Provinces of Río of Plata which took part in the war of independence of the Argentine and the Uruguay, it is called besides “ el libertador ”.

Biography

Jose Artigas was born with Montevideo in a rich family. At the 12 years age, he traverses the rural grounds of his family and deals with work of the property. Observing the local inhabitants and in particular the Gaucho S, he became a good manager of firearms and a good rider, with the result that he engaged in businesses of smuggling on the borders Brésil iennes.

Into age of 33 years, whereas he sought the Amnistie reserved for those which had not made violent acts, he integrated the regiment of Blandengues (today, guard of honor) to protect the common border with Brazil.

In 1810, the Spain moved the institutions of the Vice-royauté of Río of Plata to Montevideo since the Révolution of May forced the viceroy to give up Buenos Aires. The February 15th 1811, it left the regiment of Blandengues and left to Buenos Aires to offer its services to the independence cause. The people of the Spanish colonies in America thus began the wars of independence and Artigas wanted to also defend this ideal in the Banda Eastern. It is thus at the beginning of ego of April that it turned over in its country with approximately 180 soldiers, elected by the government of Buenos Aires. The April 11th, it pronounced the proclamation of Mercedes and became the chief of the revolution the May 18th when it demolished the Spanish forces with the Bataille of Mow Piedras. Then it began the seat of Montevideo and was officially named First chief of Eastern ( Primer Jefe of los Orientales ).

In 1814, it organized the League of the Free People ( Liga of los Pueblos Libres ) and the Guard was declared by it. The following year, it released Montevideo of the influence of the partisans of the Unitaire party (preaching the Centralisme) Argentinian which refused the Fédéralisme proposed by Artigas. The same year, it set up in the town of Arroyo of Clouded (today named Concepción LED Uruguay ) the Pre-congress of the independence of the provinces of Argentina with the provinces of Córdoba, Corrientes, Between Ríos, Misiones and Santa Fe and of the Banda Eastern (current Uruguay) which were declared independent of foreign Spain and other countries and invited the other provinces of the Plain Provinces of Río of Plata (name given then to Argentina) to join them in a federal system. It was with this congress that Artigas ratified the use of the flag created by Manuel Belgrano.

The continuous increase of the influence and the prestige of the Federal League frightened with Buenos Aires (because of the federalism) and the Portugal (because of its republicanism). For this reason in August 1816 this last invades the Eastern Province (with the tacit agreement of the government of Buenos Aires), in the intention to dismantle the revolution and to kill its chief.

The Portuguese army was ordered by Carlos Federico Lecor who helped by his numerical and technological superiority, beat the army of Artigas and conquered as of the January 20th 1817 the town of Montevideo; but the armed struggle still continued during three years in the campaigns. Furious compared to this passivity of Buenos Aires, Artigas declared the war with the Argentinian central mode at the same time as its army essuyait many successive failures vis-a-vis the Portuguese. Its lieutenants member of the Federal League: Francisco Ramírez (governor of Between Ríos) and Estanislao López (governor of Santa Fe), managed to beat the central capacity of Buenos Aires, but the hope of a help of their share was short since they signed peace with this central government and began not to help Artigas. At this point in time they decided to attack Artigas to bring back stability in the area, Artigas was found then wedged between side the Portuguese army and other, the army argentine.
Without resources and men to fight, the January 22nd 1820 marked the large last battles of Artigas and also an important defeat. After this Battle of Tacuarembó, Artigas only left in September 1820 until the Paraguay and disappeared definitively from the political life from the area.

He died in 1850 in this same country and one says that before dying, he asked to go up on a horse to die above like the gauchos.

Quotations

“I will not sell the rich inheritance of Eastern with the low price of the need. ” ( No venderé el rico patrimonio of los Eastern Al bajo precio of the necesidad. )
“My authority emanates from you, and it ceases in your sovereign presence. ” ( Mi autoridad emanated from vosotros, ella ceased handle there will vuestra presencia soberana )
“Free, I do not offend and I do not fear.” ( Idiot libertad, neither ofendo nor temo , currency of Montevideo)
“Clemence for overcome. ” ( Clemencia para los vencidos )
“That the Eastern ones are well-read men as courageous as much” ( Sean los Orientales tan ilustrados como valientes )

Ideal

It is said that he admired the the United States of America and that he always carried on him a reproduction of the Constitution of the United States of America. He wanted that the government of the Plain Provinces of Río of Plata was based on the same idea of federalism. It is this ideal which the central government of Buenos Aires did not support which wanted a state centralized like European monarchies, but it succeeds in all the same having the support of many provinces. For this reason Buenos Aires and Portugal wanted its mort.
We can note that a statue pays homage to Washington to him, cd., another in Montevideo, a bust in Paris, like in the town of Quebec.

External bonds

the Library Artigas
Biographie on the site '' Biografías emptied ''

there

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