Jose Bonifácio de Andrada E Silva

Jose Bonifácio de Andrada E Silva (Santos, SP, June 13rd 1763 - Island of Paquetá, RJ, April 6th 1838), known also as the Patriarch of Independence was a Naturaliste, a statesman and a Brazilian mason.

Biography

Member of an aristocratic family Portuguese, it was born with Santos, on the littoral of the Capitainerie of São Paulo. In 1777, it moved towards the town of São Paulo, where it followed courses of Grammaire, of Rhétorique, and Philosophie to prepare at the entry with the Université. In 1780, it settled in Portugal to follow to the Université of Coïmbre the courses of natural Philosophie, of Canon law obtaining the diplomas in 1787 E in 1788.

At the 18th century, the exploitation of the mines saw a great increase due to the Industrial revolution. Jose Bonifácio specialized in “mineralogy and mines” and was accepted as member of the royal Académie of sciences of Lisbon where it reached the function of Perpetual Secretary (1812).

Between 1790 and 1800, it travelled to Europe as stock-broker (naturalist and mineralogist) of the Crown and attended the courses and academies in Germany, Belgium, France, Holland, Italy, Hungary, inter alia. Returning to Portugal, it occupied the pulpit of Métallurgie, creates for him at the University of Coimbre (1801). It was then named General Intendant of the Mines and Métaux of the Kingdom by the royal letter of May 18th, 1801. It also occupied of other functions in Portugal like those of member of the Tribunal of the Mines, administrator of the old coal mines of Buarcos, director of the Royal Laboratory of the Mint.

At the time of the War of Spain), it enlisted in the Portuguese army and fought the troops of Napoleon Bonaparte arriving at the rank of Lieutenant-colonel.

Of return to Brazil in 1819, it was one of the right-hand men of the prince-regent Pierre d' Alcântara and one of the craftsmen of independence. He was vice-president of the junta of government of São Paulo (1821).

With the declaration of independence of Brazil, it was named Minister of Interior Department and foreign affairs. Elected official also appointed with the constituent Assembly, her liberal ideas caused its resignation of the cabinet in July 1823, and its detention, after the dissolution of the assembly by the emperor in November of the same year.

Exiled in France in 1823, he lived in exile close to Bordeaux until he could go back to Brazil in 1829. With the Abdication of Pierre Ier in 1831, it was named tutor of its son, the future Pierre II. Again held in 1833, by the regent Diogo Antonio Feijó, who dislocated it his functions under the charge to conspire for the return of Pierre Ist It gave up the political life and passed the remainder of his days on the Île of Parcelled up in bay of Guanabara.

Works

1814 - 1815 - Memória minerográfica da tightened that decorre of Santa Justa até Santa Comba E sweated vizinhanças Na província C Minho (Museu Paulista, Coleção Jose Bonifácio, Doc. 290). (Mineralogical Memory of the range of hills which extends from Santa Justa until Santa Comba and its vicinity in the Province of Minho)
1815 - Sobre has necessidade E utilidade C plantio of novos bosques EM Portugal. (On the need and the utility to retimber in Portugal)
1816 - has Primavera. * 1817 - sober Memória has nova undermined ouro da outraged bandaged C Tejo. (Primaveira 1817-memory on a news Gold mine on other side of the Tage)
1818 - sober Memória ace pesquisas E will lavra back veios of chumbo of Chacim, Souto, Ventozello, E Villar de Rey Na província of Trás-bone-Assemble. * 1825 (Memory on the search and the exploitation for veins of Lead of Chacim, Souto, Ventozello and Villar de Rey in the Province of Trás-bone-Assemble)
s/d - Memória minerográfica sober O distrito metalífero between bone Rios Alva E Zêzere (Museu Paulista, Coleção Jose Bonifácio, Doc. 291.)(Mineralogical Memory on the metalliferous district enters the rivers Alva and Zêzere)

See too

FALCÃO, Edgar Cerqueira of (org.). Obras científicas, políticas E sociais of Jose Bonifácio de Andrada E Silva (1963). (Scientific, political and social Works of Jose Bonifácio de Andrade and Silva)

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