Jose Batlle Ordóñez (born the May 21st 1856 with Montevideo - died the October 20th 1929) is there a president of the Republic of Uruguay. It occupied this function twice. The first time of 1903 with 1907 (15th President) and the second time of 1911 with 1915 (17th President).

Childhood and voyages

He is the son of the Général and 7 {{E}} President constitutionally elected Lorenzo Battle and of Amalia Ordóñez, he studies the Droit to become lawyer. He travels then in Europe and to Paris where it is interested in the Positivisme while continuing his studies. Of return in Uruguay to the beginning of the year 1880, it is devoted to the Journalisme and the Politique. It founds in 1886 El Dia influenced by the Parti Colorado to which his/her father belonged. Polemist of talent, it manages to gain twice the seat of Député, then 2 times that of Senator.
He affirms himself then as being a liberal man, member of the Franc-maçonnerie, feminist anticlerical and .

He becomes president by interim whereas he is the president of the Sénat February 15th 1899 at March 1st 1899 when Juan Lindolfo Cuestas must leave the provisional government which he had set up.

Presidency

First mandate

He arrives at the presidency of the Republic in 1903. Its first victory was the final re-establishment of interior peace and of the national unit by the military victory over the caudillo blanco Aparicio Saravia in the north of the country whereas this one wants to seize the power, the vestiges of the Great War crumble at this time. Batlle benefits from it to reinforce a little more the central capacity of the capital Montevideo on the remainder of the country, it thus finishes what Lorenzo Latorre had to begin thirty years earlier. The peace of Aceguá, signed with 1904 sets up three things:

• consolidation of the unit of the State, which implies the end of the policy of copartnership in the departmental governments.
• the government made up of an exclusive party
• the Electoral Reform.

On the economic plan, it is necessary to underline the budget of 3 million Peso S intended for the construction and the improvement of the Route S of countryside. The law also should be noted supporting rise and the preference of national industry about the dependence with respect to outside compared to the importation of Sucre by granting several annual premiums and by choosing the seed S. There was finally the development of the generating company of electricity ( Usina of Luz Eléctrica ) in all the country. On the financial plan, the desire of the executive power is to obtain a progressive independence of the financing anglais.
On the educational level, the Faculty of Commerce ( Facultad de Comercio ) is created in 1903 and in March 1907, it is Faculty Vétérinaire and of Agronomie ( Facultad de Veterinaria there Agronomía ) which opens its doors. It is then about techniciser the trade and the cultivable grounds by deviating wire of farmers of the traditional careers of lawyer S and Médecin S. There is also the creation of ten departmental Lycée S, to form the future elite of République.
During this mandate, there is also the development of a law voted in 1908 under the presidency of Claudio Williman bearing on the Divorce where justice can take into account only the will of the woman.

Second mandate

From 1911 with 1915, it benefits from a excellent Economic conjuncture and manages to increase the general Standard of living of the Uruguyan population.

During this second presidency, important contributions with the Labor regulation of the workers are carried out. The work of minors of less than 13 years is prohibited, day's works for those of less than 19 years are shorter; the woman has 40 days of rest for the period of Grossesse, the obligatory rest is one day per week, the working time is to the 48 hours the maximum weekly and day's work should not exceed 8 hours. A law of payment of allowances for the broken of work is created just like the old-age pension (retirement) which can require all the people old of at least 65 years and any age in the event of absolute disability, being in indigence, this pension depending on the number of years travaillées.
With regard to the economic activity of the State (the nationalization and nationalization of the market ( estatización there nacionalización )). The ideological principle is that the essential public services must be between the hands of the State, since this one is the organization representative of the company, i.e., of all the social classes, and is above its conflicts; the State must intervene there, where the private capital is undecided or fears to lose money, because he is not guided by the preoccupation of profit but with a public service; the State must replace the foreign companies which take along the profits out of borders, thus weakening the pays.
The most important nationalization is that of the sector banquaire, the bank of the Eastern Republic of Uruguay ( Banco República Oriental LED Uruguay ) is carried out of 1911 with 1913, that of the Bank Mortage holder of Uruguay ( Banco Hipotecario LED Uruguay ) becomes it in 1912, and the Assurance S passed with the hands deprived to the official hands with creation in 1911 of the bank of insurance of the State ( Banco del Seguros del Estado ), nationalization touches also the companies of electricity ( Ose ), of Chimie, of Geology, etc Just as is created in 1915 the Railway administration of the State ( Administración de Ferrocarriles del Estado ).

It continues the work initiated by Jose Pedro Varela while fighting against the Analphabétisme and by consolidating and developing public education with the detriment of teaching religieux.
This showing that it permanently fights the Catholic church of face, wanting to the minimum to reduce its influence on the people.

In 1917, a new constitution is adopted. It divides the Executive power between the President of the Republic and a National council of administration. Moreover, Uruguay adheres to the Société Nations in 1920.

Heritage

For all these reforms, that is of a political nature with the national unit, economic with the creation of a public service, social with the reforms of the labor regulation, Jose Batlle Ordoñez was regarded there (and is still today) as being the model to be followed and its philosophy is still present in the mentality of all the Uruguyans, independently of their political parties. Its influence is consequently still today considerable. For this reason, one names the period of his presidency the era Batlle and this name symbolizes the prosperity of the country.

External bonds

• Batlle there Ordóñez and the Modern State
• Batllism

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