Johor

Johor , in the past Johore (Jawi: جوهور), is a state of the south of the Malaysia. Its capital is Johor Bahru, formerly Tanjung Puteri. The honorary title of the state is Darul Ta' azim .

History

In 1511, a Portuguese fleet, started from Goa in India under the command of the viceroy Afonso de Albuquerque, seizes Malacca. The Mahmud sultan moves his court in several places of the Malayan Péninsule, then in the island of Bintan in the islands Riau, for finally founding Johor with the southern point in 1518. Johor will on several occasions try to reconquer Malacca, without success. In 1536, does a Portuguese attack inflict such losses with Johor that the sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah I (reign 1529-64?) must treat with them.

In the north of Sumatra, Aceh manages to collect a big part of the activity of the Moslem merchants who had made the prosperity of Malacca and did not want to trade with the Portuguese. Between 1537 and 1570, Aceh as well attacks several times Malacca the Portuguese and catholic that Johor faintness and Moslem woman, without decisive success.

In 1584, after wars of succession which result in the death of all the male heirs to the Royaume of Patani, it is the Ijau princess who goes up on the throne. Although Patani is vassal Siamese kingdom of Ayutthaya, Ijau reinforces the bonds with Johor and Pahang. This policy of relative independence with respect to Ayutthaya is made possible by the fact that of 1564 until in the years 1590, the Siamese kingdom must face the threats of the Burmese and of the Khmer . However, at the end of XVIe century, Ayutthaya finds its power under the reign of king Naresuan.

Ijau dies in 1615. His/her Biru sister succeeds to him. It Marie her Ungu sister with the sultan Abdul Ghafur Mohaidin Syah de Pahang. This marriage will give a girl, Kuning. To died of Ghafur, Ungu will return in Patani with his/her daughter.

The sultan Iskandar Muda (1607-36) of Aceh attacks Johor in 1612. Johor then forms an alliance with six other Malayan sultanates, of Sumatra and the peninsula, to resist Aceh. Iskandar demolishes a Portuguese fleet with Bintan, conquers Pahang and Kedah and plunders Johor.

To died of Biru in 1622, Ungu goes up in its turn on the throne of Patani. It arranges for remarier his daughter, that her aunt Biru had married Siamese prince Okya Decho, with the sultan of Johore. Okya Decho, furious, obtains from king d' Ayutthaya the permission to carry out Siamese troops to attack Patani. Ungu obtains supports it of Pahang and Johor. The Siamese attack fails.

The Treated of London of 1824 , signed between the English and the Dutchmen, grants to the latter control territories asserted by Europeans in the south of Singapore, founded in 1819 by Raffles. The sultanate of Johor finds thus separate Riau. More generally, this treaty marks the separation of the world Malais in two parts, one being today in the Federation of Malaysia and the other in the Republic of Indonesia.

Administration of Johor

Sultanate

The sultan of Johor since 1981 is Sultan Iskandar Al-Haj.

Districts

  • Johor Bahru 1817,8 km ², 1.064.881 inhabitants
  • Pontian 919,5  km ², 143.729 inhabitants
  • Kota Tinggi 3488,7  km ², 192.220 inhabitants
  • Kluang 2851,8  km ², 254.631 inhabitants
  • Segamat 2851,26  km ², 178.620 inhabitants
  • Muar 2346,12  km ², 328.695 inhabitants
  • Batu Pahat 1878  km ², 335.368 inhabitants
  • Mersing 2838,6  km ², 67.557 inhabitants

Tourism and nature

Scenic attractions

  1. Ayer Hitam

  2. Air Papan
  3. Desaru - sandy language of 25  km
  4. Johor Bahru
  5. Johor LAMA
  6. Kota Tinggi cascades, of which one of 34m top.
  7. Kukup - village of fishermen, partially on Piloti S
  8. Muar
  9. Tanjung Piai

National parks and forests

Johor has five national parks

National park of Endau Rompin

National park of Gunung Ledang

  • the culminating point of Johor is Gunung Ledang (1276m)

National park of Tanjung Piai

  • Rich in Crab S of mangrove and Macaque S crabivores.
  • “Piai” comes from the name of a wild Fougère: “Piai Striped”

National park of Pulau Kukup

  • 15 km ² of mangrove and bayous

Marine park of Mersing

  • with 13 islands: Pulau Harimau, Pulau Mensirip, Pulau Goal, Pulau Besar, Pulau Tengah, Pulau Hujong, Pulau Rawa, Pulau Tinggi, Pulau Mentinggi, Pulau Sibu, Pulau Sibu Hujung, Pulau Pemanggil and Pulau Aur.

Cook

The local kitchen combines Chinese influences, Arab S at the bottoms Malais, as in the remainder of the country. However certain specialities are declined there with other alternatives.

  • the Laksa of Johor differs from that of Penang by the coconut milk addition during cooking.

  • Mee bandung also comes from the state of Johor, exactly of Muar.
to note that the epithet “bandung” indicates a mixture of ingredient and does not refer to the town of Bandung.

  • Kuih Sirat

  • Pisang Salted or Gimpi
  • Lontong
  • Nasi Ambeng
  • Telur Pindang
  • Otak-otak
  • Nasi Briyani Gam
  • Mee Soto
  • Burasak
  • Halwa Maskat
  • Bontrot/berkat
  • Kerutup ikan
  • Assam pedas daun kesum
  • Pecal
  • Tauhu bakar
  • Pendaram
  • Mee Siput
  • Rojak Petis
  • Mee Rebus

See too

Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Taman Universiti

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