John Tyler , (1790 - 1862) is the tenth President of the United States of America. Its mandate begins year 1841 with the death of W.H. Harrison of which he is the vice-president, and finishes in 1845.
Although president “by accident” as it will be said, it is decided to impose his own ideas and at back its own party is put quickly. Certain senators will start even an impeachment and its government will resign. Defender convinced of the right of the States of the south to maintain slavery it will be, after his presidential mandate, elected official with the Congrès of the Confederation (States which make secession).
Biography
John Tyler is born on March 29th, 1790 in Greenway, Virginia. His/her parents, John Tyler and Mary Amistead are slave rich person growers, members of the leading class of the State. It obtains, at 17 years, its diploma of the College off William and Mary and begins studies of right.
Political career
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Of 1816 to 1821, he is member of the Room of the Representatives for the State of Virginia.
- Of 1825 to 1827, he is governor of the State of Virginia (his/her father had exerted itself this function of 1808 to 1811).
- Of 1827 to 1836, he is senator de Virginie.
J. Tyler is the typical example of the politicians resulting from the States of the South. It is against a federal capacity extremely and defends the right of the states to decide on their own policy as regards electoral rules, on customs duties and, of course, slavery. It takes part in the creation of the party whig, opposed to the Democrats, following the decisions taken by A. Jackson on the subjects above. It is selected to be fellow candidate of W.H. Harrison for the election of 1840 and becomes its vice-president.
At 51 years, J. Tyler becomes the youngest president of the United States following the death one month after its taking of of W.H. Harrison. It lends oath the April 6th 1841.
Presidency
1841
April 4th: nomination of John Tyler as a tenth president of the United States. It is the first time in the history of the United States which a vice-president takes the place of the president in place due to death. Tyler intends to exert all the presidential prerogatives with the full powerss but the Constitution is not very explicit on its case - it will be necessary to await the XXVe amendment in 1967 - and it has many opponents including within his own party.
September 11th: except for the Foreign Minister Daniel Webster all the members of the government resign when Tyler puts its veto at the creation of a national bank under federal control.
1842
May: Tyler is confronted with the Rébellion of Dorr in Rhode Island, an insurrection of short duration, carried out by Thomas Wilson Dorr, to reform the electoral system of the State.
August 9th: signature of the treaty of definition of the border enters Canada and the United States.
1844
1844 - 1845: the legislative elections make it possible the Democratic party to preserve the majority at the Senate and to obtain it with the Room representatives.
April 12th: Tyler signs the treaty of annexation of the Republic of Texas. The Senate refuses to ratify it on June 8th because of the conflict between Slave states and not-slave.
December 4th: the presidential election gives the victory to James K. Polk.
1845
January 23rd: the Congress votes and Tyler signs the law instituting the national elections at first Tuesday of November (except if on November 1st is one Tuesday).
March 3rd: Florida is allowed in the Union with the statute of Slave state.
March 3rd: the day before the end of the mandate of John Tyler, the Congress votes a minor law at which it had put his veto.
Foreign politics
Tyler puts an end to the continual skirmishes which take place between the States of north and the United Kingdom on the layout of the border between the United States and what will become Canada. The two countries recognize the right of navigation on the Big lakes.
The last act marking its presidency is perhaps most important: it signs the law of annexation of the Texas, republic which had acquired its autonomy of Mexico, thus increasing the list of the territories practitioner the slave system and calling in question the Compromis of Missouri or Compromised of 1820 between the slave ones and the abolitionists. This act starts the war with the Mexico that its successor, James Knox Polk, will have to manage.
Interior policy
Theoretically, Tyler belongs to the party whig which in the majority with the Congress. As it puts its veto at the creation of a federal central bank, it is made exclude from its own party and its government resigns. It will again put its veto at a law on the customs duties and the Room of the representatives will start in his opposition the first impeachment to the American history. Lastly, the Congress will succeed in voting in the majority of two thirds a law at which Tyler had put its veto, this the last day of its presidency.
Policy concerning the civic rights, the minorities and immigration
Tyler is in favor of the right to slavery in the States of the south. Its presidency sees the admission of two States Texas and Florida, with the statute of Slave state, which breaks balance between slave and free trade.
Policy partisane
The slogan of countryside of Harisson “Tippecanoe and Tyler at the same time” promised a balance between federalists and in favor of the right of the States, between abolitionists and slave. The death of the first at the beginning of its mandate leaves American vis-a-vis the second whereas the Constitution had not explicitly envisaged the case. Tyler is convinced to be the true president whereas its opponents regards it as temporary and “president by accident calls it”.
At the beginning of mandate J. Tyler belongs to the party whig thanks to which it was elected. It preserves the ministers named by W.H. Harrison but enters quickly in conflict with them. It is excluded from its party which, later, starts even an impeachment of the presidency. Following the resignation in block in 1841 of the cabinet inherited Harrison, except for the Foreign Minister Daniel Webster, J. Tyler surrounds itself by a new government made up of conservatives of the South.
Reprocess
J. Tyler is not represented with the elections of 1844 in order to ensure the victory of J.K. Polk. It takes its retirement in its plantation of Virginia. It will try a last compromise in order to avoid the American Civil War but this one being rejected by the president A. Lincoln, J. Tyler will support the positions Southerners and it is, with its death, deputy of the Confederation.
Anecdotes
J. Tyler is the last president resulting from the aristocratic families of Virginia. Its course is typical, it is born in a family from the class leading from the State, fact of the studies of right to the university, starts to practice then starts a political career which will carry out it until the presidency.
He marries Letitia Christian on March 29th, 1813 then Julia Gardiner on June 26th, 1844. Of his first wife, it has 8 children:
- Robert Tyler (September 9th 1816 - December 31st 1877). He was married with Elizabeth Priscilla Cooper which was First Lady of the United States.
- John Tyler (April 17th 1819 - January 26th 1896).
- Letitia Christian Tyler (May 11th 1821 - December 28th 1907).
- Elizabeth Tyler (July 11th 1823 - June 1st 1850)
- Anne Contesse Tyler (April 5th 1825 - July 1825).
- Alice Tyler (March 23rd 1827 - June 8th 1854).
- Tazewell Tyler (December 6th 1830 - January 8th 1874).
Letitia dies on September 10th 1842. John remains widowed during 2 years. Its daughter-in-law Elizabeth Priscilla Cooper will be First Lady during this period. John Marie then with Julia Gardiner. It is the first President of the United States to be married during its mandate. It has 7 children with her, the last whereas it is 70 years old:
- John Alexander Tyler (April 7th 1848 - September 1st 1883).
- Julia Gardiner Tyler (December 25th 1849 - May 8th 1871).
- Lachlan Tyler (December 2nd 1851 - January 26th 1902).
- Lyon Gardiner Tyler (August 24th 1853 - February 12th 1935).
- Robert Fitzwalter Tyler (March 12th 1856 - December 31st 1927).
- Pearl Tyler (June 20th 1860 - June 30th 1947).
When it reaches the presidency, it acquires of a named plantation “Walnut Groove” located at Richmond in Virginia, in which it will reside until its death. During its exclusion of the party whig, it renames it “Sherwood Forest Plantation” (in reference to Robin of Wood) in order to mean its statute of outlaw with respect to the party.
Excluded from the party whig J. Tyler controls without the support of the Congrès. Thanks to its capacity of veto it blocks the policy of this last which in return blocks the policy of the president. The Congress obtains its revenge by applying its right to veto for the first time in the history on the United States the last day on the presidency on J. Tyler and on a law on very minor range.
See too
Simple: John Tyler
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