John Jay

John Jay (December 12th 1745 - May 17th 1829) was a man of policy, revolutionary, Diplomate and American lawyer . He was the author of the Federalist Papers with Alexander Hamilton and James Madison, was useful as an American diplomat in France and was the first Chief Justice , or chair Supreme court.

Biography

Born in a family easy with New York, it made studies of right to King' S College , which will take the name of the Université of Columbia after the war of independence.

The revolutionary crisis

After having established its reputation in New York, Jay was elected as delegated to the continental Congrès and took share with the debates on the question of independence. Having cultivated the regard of his colleagues, he was elected president of the congress for a mandate which lasted of the December 10th 1778 with the September 27th 1779. Then, it became one of the most important diplomats during supposedly the revolutionary crisis , negotiating a series of treaties with France and the Spain.

Secretary of the foreign affairs

In 1784, Jay was named Secrétaire of the foreign affairs, a station now known under the name of Secretary of State. Including/understanding the limits of the Articles of the Confederation (controlling document of the young country) and envisaging a failure, Jay adopted the pen name “Publius” and wrote the Federalist Papers in co-operation with Alexander Hamilton and James Madison or it criticized the organization of the US government firmly and proposed a governmental system more centralized and more powerful. The document comprise eighty-five articles reasoning in favor of the adoption of the Constitution recently proposed.

Supreme court

In 1789, George Washington named Jay at the Supreme court, assigning the role of lawyer-in-chief, or to him Chief Justice in English. The most important case during its mandate was that of Chisolm v. Georgia , in 1793 where he affirmed the authority of the federal government or exchange on that of the individual states. The decision was very badly accepted and pushed the United States to adopt the Eleventh Amendment, which prohibits the central government to exert its authority face has lawsuits carried out against an individual state.

Diplomat in Great Britain

Although the Chief Justice have mandates with life, George Washington sent Jay in Great Britain in 1794 with the mission of negotiating a treaty which would avoid the imminent war. He arrived, according to his opinion like that of Washington, to negotiate best the treated possible one under the conditions. Consequently, the Sénat voted to approve it, and Washington signed it. In spite of its efforts, the American public reacts very badly to the treated Jay or treated of London and Jay became unpopular near the people, ruining his chance to become president after Washington.

Governor of New York

During its stay in Great Britain, he was elected governor of the state of New York. He resigned of the Supreme court. There remained governor until in 1800. The president John Adams desired to re-elect it at the Supreme court, but Jay declined its offer because of health issues. Although re-elected as a governor in 1802, Jay chooses to take its retirement. He died the May 15th 1829. ----

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