John Herschel

See also: Herschel

Sir John Frederick William Herschel (March 7th 1792 - May 11th 1871) was, like his/her father, Sir William Herschel, a scientist and a British Astronome .

John Herschel was born with Slough. In 1809 it entered to the Université of Cambridge and in 1812 it proposed its first article of Mathématiques to the Royal Society. It never had academic station but devoted its life to private research.

In Astronomy, he discovered thousands of double stars, stellar Amas S and Nébuleuse S. He also invented astronomical instruments. At the same time as James South, it gained the Gold medal of Royal Astronomical Society in 1826 for their double star catalog published in 1824. Between 1834 and 1838, starting from the observatory of the Cape of Good Hope, it charted the southern sky.

Its work includes Outlines off astronomy (Draft of astronomy), published in 1849 and which became a standard handbook; General Catalog off Nebulae and Clusters (catalogs general nebulas and cluster), which became the New General Catalogs and which is always the standard catalog of reference; and General Catalog off 10,300 Double Multiple and Stars (catalogs general of 10.300 double and multiple stars) published on a purely posthumous basis.

It is with him that one owes the use of the system of the days juliens in astronomy.

Herschel was also a achieved chemist and it was interested much in the Photographie, then being born: it gave conferences on the subject and exhibait its own photographs. In 1819, it discovered the action of the Thiosulfate of sodium on differently insoluble salts of Halogénure S of money and its utility as a fixer of the photographic images, which made it possible to improve the process of the Cyanotype. In 1839, independently of William Talbot, it invented a photographic process using of sensitized paper. It is also him which is at the origin of the terms of photography , negative and positive .

Honorary distinctions

Rewards

Éponymes

  • the Asteroid (2000) Herschel
  • the lunar crater J. Herschel (62,0°N 42,0°O, 165 km diameter, named in 1935)
  • the crater Martian Herschel (14,9°S 230,3°O, 304 km), which it divides with his father, William Herschel.

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