Johannes Eugenius Bülow Warming

Johannes Eugen (ius) Bülow Warming is a Botaniste Danish, born the November 3rd 1841 with Mandø and dead the April 2nd 1924.

He studies the tropical vegetation near Peter Wilhelm Lund (1801-1880) with the Brésil of 1863 with 1866. Graduate of botany in 1868, it makes studies in the universities of Munich, Bonn and Copenhagen: he receives his doctorate in the latter in 1871.

He is lecturer of botany to the Université of Copenhagen of 1874 with 1882, then professor with the Université of Stockholm of 1882 with 1885 before returning to teach in Copenhagen until his departure with the retirement in 1911. He also directs the Botanical garden of the university during this period. Warming makes forwardings with the Greenland in 1884 and Lapland in 1885, in the the Antilles and with the Venezuela of 1890 with 1892.

Warming then makes appear Lagoa Santa: With Contribution to biological Phytogeography , fruit of its observations in South America. It makes appear its more important publication in 1895 under the title of Plantesamfund , translated into English and off enriches in 1909 under the title by The Oecology Seedlings: Year Introduction to the Study off Seedling Communities . It is Ernst Haeckel (1834-1919) the inventor of the term of ecology but Warming is the first to establish a clear base for the study of the interrelationships of the plants. In Plantesamfund , it starts by making the list and describing the factors influencing the vegetable settlements like the Lumière, the Chaleur, the Humidité, the nature of the ground and the animals. Warming is also interested in the interrelationships of the plants and the animals and identifies more than one dozen of them like the Commensalisme, the Symbiose, the Mutualisme, the Parasitisme, etc It also proposes to classify the vegetable communities according to the presence of water in the ground, it baptizes the plants seeking moisture like Hydrophyte S and those seeking the aridity like Xérophyte S, it speaks in the same way Mésophyte S or Halophyte S. Warming also describes the phenomenon of vegetable succession: a medium is colonized by groups of plants which follow one another before reaching a stable final stage, the Climax.

Warming work and with that of Andreas Franz Wilhelm Schimper (1856-1901) are really founders of vegetable ecology and will direct the research undertaken during the first decades of the 20th century.

Sources

Alan Axelrod and Charles Phillips (1993). The Environmentalists: In Biographical Dictionary from the 17th Present Century to the , Facts one Slips by (New York): xiv + 258 p.
Patrick Matagne (2002). To include/understand ecology and its history , Delachaux and Niestlé (Lausanne), collection the Library of the naturalist : 208 p.

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