Johan Ludvig Runeberg

Johan Ludvig Runeberg (February 5th 1804 with Jakobstad - May 6th 1877 with Porvoo), is the national poet of the Finland.

Biography

Birth and childhood

Wire of the captain of ship Lorens Ulrik Runeberg and Anna Maria Malm, Johan Ludvig Runeberg is born with Jakobstad, at the beginning of February 1804. Its family mixes intellectual, men of the church and merchants. His father being with broad during its birth, it do not meet for the first time when the child is three years old. It will become the groin of three sisters and two brothers.

An uncertainty always planes on the exact date of its birth, was it the 5 or on February 7th. Runeberg was unaware of itself the exact day, and fétait its birthday the 5.

Studies

Runeberg passes the baccalaureat to the college of Turku in 1822, and begins the following year from the studies of philosophy to the Académie of Åbo, which it finances while giving of the private lessons. To the university, it binds friendship with Johan Jakob Nervander, Johan Vilhelm Snellman, Elias Lönnrot like Zacharias Topelius. It obtains its license of philosophy in August 1827.

Marriage and career

During the summer 1827, it places in the archbishop Jakob Tengström, with Pargas, where it teaches with children. It meets there Fredrika Tengström, niece of the archbishop, whom it will marry in January 1831. They put at the world eight children, of which two will die in low age.

They move for Helsinki in 1828. There low, Runeberg created the newspaper Helsingfors Morgonblad , of which he becomes editor association. With the beginning of the year 1837, he sees himself proposing a station of reader in Latin literature, with the college of Porvoo, city where they move definitively. In margin of its work of professor, he is writer for the newspaper Borgå Tidning during the years 1838 and 1839.

It to continue to teach until its retirement in 1857, after which he concentrates on the writing. During the year 1863, it is victim of a brain hemorrhage, which forces it to hold the bed until its disappearance in 1877. It is named professor emeritus in 1844.

Its work

Belonging to the community suédophone of Finland, it composes integrality of its Swedish work. Its first collection, Dikter, 1830, are the first collection of poems of an author to being published in Finland.

Runeberg largely contributed to the national awakening of the Finnish culture, with Elias Lönnrot, compiler of Kalevala. It is an essential figure of the literature of this country.

The most famous work of Runeberg is the Accounts of the ensign Stål , written between 1848 and 1860, that one regards as the greatest Finnish poem epic not forming part of the traditional bottom related to Kalevala. It has as a subject the war of Finland during which Sweden lost without glory Finland which became a Grand Duchy in the Russian empire. The poem, divided into chapters, glorifie humanity common to all the parts in conflict, while renting mainly the heroism of Finnish. The first poem Vårt Land became the Finnish national anthem. The day of Runeberg is celebrated every year, on February 5th.

Accounts of the Stål ensign

The collection of tales the accounts of the ensign Stål () is its most outstanding work. Runeberg described there miseries and the courage of Finnish enlisted in the army of the kingdom of Sweden in war against the Russian Empire.

the poem of opening Vårt Land is used as words with the Finnish national anthem.
the Walk of the inhabitants of Björneborg () was written on an old military march which is the official anthem of the president of the republic and chief of the armed forces ( Porilaisten marssi in Finnish).
Lotta Svärd with given its name to a female paramilitary organization very active at the time of the wars opposing Finland and the Soviet Union. It is the wife of the soldier Svärd and follows it to the war where he dies. It is then devoted to look after the wounded soldiers.
describes a Swedish general taking good time without préocuper battle which starts. The Finnish soldiers will carry it and the general will collect the bay-trees. Jean Sibelius will draw from it a oratorio layman (Op.28).

Translations in French

Tales and legends of Finland , Lucie Thomas, Fernand Nathan, 1947, contains Our Country and the Walk of the inhabitants of Björneborg .
the king Fialar , Hippolyte Valmore, Garnier brothers, 1879. Contains sixteen of the accounts of the color-bearer Stole, the poetic accounts Christmas Eve , Hanna and the king Fialar like sixteen short poems. Eleven poems of other suédophones authors of Finland supplement this collection.

The Projet Runeberg of numeric library Scandinavian was named in its honor.

Many off his poems deal with life in rural Finland. The best known off thesis is Bonden Paavo , ( Farmer Paavo , Saarijärven Paavo in Finish), butt has off smallholding peasant farmer in the poor parish Saarijärvi and his determination and " Sisu " (guts) in the face off harsh climate and years off bad harvests has. Each year He mix double the amount off bark into his Bread to stave off Starvation.

Good number of its poems treat rural life in Finland. Most known of them is Bonden Paavo , a poor tenant of the parish of Saarijärvi facing the hard climate and the years of bad harvests with resolution and “sisu”. Every year, he adds bark in his bread to survive.

Runeberg' S most famous work is Fänrik Ståls sägner (The Bruise off Ensign Stål, Vänrikki Stoolin tarinat in Finnish) written between 1848 and 1860. Native It is considered the greatest Finnish Epic poem outside the Kalevala tradition and contains bruise off the Finnish War off 1808 - 09 with Russia. In the war, Sweden ignominiously lost Finland, which became year Grand Duchy in the Russian worsen. The poem, which is composed episodically, emphasizes the common humanity off all sides in the conflict, while principally lauding the heroism off the Fine. The first poem " Vårt Land " , ( Our Land , Maamme in Finish) became the National Finish Anthem. Runeberg is celebrated one February 5th each year. -->

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