Joaquim Chissano

Joaquim Alberto Chissano (October 22nd 1939, Chibuto, Mozambique -) is a Mozambican politician, president of the November 6th 1986 with the February 2nd 2005.

Born in the small village from Chibuto in the province of Gaza, Chissano integrates the FreLiMo in the Sixties, while becoming the representative with Paris where it continues his studies of doctor. It also takes part in the guerilla against the colonial power portuguaise until the Révolution of the eyelets in 1974 in Portugal which sounds the end of the African colonies.

The June 25th 1975, Mozambique reaches the independence of Portugal. Chissano becomes Foreign Minister of the country and one of the characters - keys of FreLiMo then sole party. Chissano must make watch of its talents of diplomats at the same time outside the country but also inside its party where the fights between various Marxist factions make rage. Following the death (assassination or accident) of the president Samora Machel the October 19th 1986, Chissano forms to part with Armando Guebuza central committee of FreLiMo which takes over temporarily the duties the report heading. The November 6th, it assumes only the chairmanship of the Republic.

The fall of the Soviet Union obliges Chissano to make democratic projections to satisfy the international backers. Thus FreLiMo must give up its statute of sole party. In the first elections multi-partites, in 1994, then in 1999, FreLiMo keeps the capacity in front of the ex-guerilla armed with the ReNaMo transformed into political party since the end of the civil war. Its victory in 1999 over the candidate of ReNaMo Alfonso Dhlakama is the theater of disputes on the validity of the poll and the threats on a return to the civil war. These disputes were the concordant subject of report/ratio of the international observers, except the Organization of African Unity. The many cases of corruption on all the levels of the State during its mandate caused the anger of the international authorities. From July 2003 in July 2004, Chissano was president of the African Union.

For the elections legislative and presidential of November and December 2004, Chissano did not wish to be represented. FreLiMo chose Armando Guebuza to represent it with the presidential election vis-a-vis the candidate of ReNaMo Alfonso Dhlakama. Guebuza was elected with the same frauds as its predecessor and ReNaMo threatens, on the same tone as in 1999 but with definitely less credibility, of return to the civil war.

Joaquim Chissano was named to advise with the United Nations Conference on Trade and Developme (UNCTAD) in October 2005.

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