Joachim of Bellay

See also: Of Bellay (homonymy)

Joachim of Bellay is a Poète French born in 1522 with the Château of Turmelière (Liré), in the Maine-et-Loire, and died in 1560, with Paris. Its meeting with Pierre de Ronsard was at the origin of the formation of the Pléiade, group of poets to which Of Bellay its Manifeste gave, the Défense and illustration of the French language . Its most famous work, the Regrets , is a collection of Sonnet S of inspiration elegiac and satirical, written at the time of its voyage to Rome of 1553 with 1557.

Biography

Joachim of Bellay is born towards 1522 with Liré, in Anjou, with the Château of Turmelière. François I {{er}} is then king de France; it is the Renaissance, of arts and the culture in particular. Resulting from a family of old nobility (family of cardinals, diplomats and governors), the Joachim young person is orphan very early of father and mother before it is 10 years old. He is entrusted to the supervision of Rene, his older brother. This last neglects it. If one believes of them the proper assertions of Joachim of Bellay, it has a sad, solitary childhood in Turmelière in the paternal manor. He becomes a fragile teenager who learns how to collect himself in the loneliness of the forests and to dream on the edges of the Loire. Nevertheless, it goes regularly in another family field, the castle of Gizeux, property of the family of Bellay located in large the historical Anjou, in the north of Bourgueil.

As evokes it Kléber Haedens in a History of the French literature , one day of summer is determining in the life of of Bellay, when, in an inn, on the edges of the Loire, it meets Pierre de Ronsard. This one is fine, elegant, and speaks with ease. The two young men have a score of years. They have parents and mutual friends. After having dreamed one and the other with a military career, they had to give up both due to early deafness it. For others, their meeting is made in 1547, as students at the university of Poitiers.

Pierre de Ronsard writes worms and wants to become a large poet. He explains to of Bellay, that he returns to Paris, to the Collège of Coqueret, where he studies the old authors. Joachim acknowledges that it composes of the poems, him too. Ronsard convinces of Bellay to come with him. With the college of Coqueret, they have Jean Dorat, a brilliance hellenist as professor. He makes them discover the authors of the Antiquité and those of Italian poetry. Ronsard and of Bellay then form a group of friends poets, which takes in 1549 the name of Brigade before adopting in 1553 that of Pléiade . The group of the Pléiade wishes to define poetic new rules.

He had embraced the ecclesiastical state and became canon of Notre-Dame de Paris, which did not prevent it from carrying out a rather fashionable life. Its worms gave him access to the court, where it was called French Ovide .

In 1549, the group decides to publish a proclamation that of Bellay is charged to write: Defense and illustration of the French language . Of Bellay the work, inspired of the ideas of the group signs -   to defend French against the domination of Latin, to cultivate the new kinds, to enrich the vocabulary, etc This book, animated of an energetic breath, wants to be the constitutive instrument of French poetry. Courageous adventure, which they carried out with intelligence, talent, and also irony. Then of Bellay a collection of a hundred (115) sonnets publishes, the Olive (1549). These sonnets “with the manner” of Pétrarque, are a great success. It is the first French collection of sonnets in love.

In spite of health issues, of 1553 with 1557, of Bellay becomes secretary, with Rome, of the cardinal Jean of Bellay, cousin of his father and celebrates diplomatic. This four years exile, during which he writes Antiquities of Rome , starts in enthusiasm. The poet discovers the mythical city of the Antiquité, which is nothing any more but ruins, ostentation and vice. The dislike and the regret seize the poet, feelings which will inspire its more beautiful pages to him. Rome which it so much magnifiée in its dreams, disappoints it. Of return to Paris, in 1558, it publishes Antiquities of Rome , the Various rustic Plays and the Regrets , a collection of 191 sonnets (of which the 31e, celebrates it: “Happy which like Ulysses”), in alexandrines. These writings are recognized in their time and are worth in Joachim of Bellay to take part in the Parisian intellectual life.

Secret enemies made it show irreligion, which harmed its advance; its health détériora.
Sourd and patient, it dies out suddenly, with its work table, in the night of January 1st 1560. One can hear in the museum which is devoted to him to Liré, that the Syphilis would have caused his mort.
Il is buried in the Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Paris, but its burial would have been lost… And, one says, his body would rest close to the Loire, in his Anjou natal.
Néanmoins, of the burials of the family of Bellay are in the church of Gizeux, very close to the castle of Gizeux, having belonged to the family of Bellay. The church contains the splendid tombs of Of Bellay. Extremely rare orants of the XVIIe century was made out of white marble by Ghislain known as of Cambric, director of the Royal Academy of Sculpture of Paris.
In the absence of unquestionable tomb for the poet, the ruins of the castle of Turmelière, birthplace of Joachim of Bellay, always offers to the visitors, of the vestiges moving within a romantic and wild framework.

Works

Posterity

In 2007, the 31e sonnet of the Regrets , “Happy which like Ulysses”, was included in the song “Ulysses” of the singer Ridan became a business success. See the clip:

External bonds

  • Museum of Bellay with Liré (49)
  • the satirical Work of Of Bellay
  • Edition of L' Olive (text of 1549 and 1550)
  • political life through l'œ uvre of Of Bellay

Partial source

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