Jinn
The jinn S (sometimes spelled djinn S/gin: /ɣin:), are creatures of the Folklore Sémitique. They are in general invisible, being able to take various forms (vegetable, animal, or anthropomorphic); they have a capacity of spiritual and mental influence on mankind (psychic control: Possession), but does not use it inevitably.
According to the Islam, they have the capacity to have those which are in a state of stain (i.e. those which did not make them ritual Ablution) or which consume prohibited food (drug, alcohol, blood, nonlicit meat).
There are goods and bad jinns; the bad ones are named Shayāṭīn.
Not to confuse the term jinn (rear RTL جِنّ) with the Persian term Djan S (RTL F جان) which means " the Individual Spirit of a être" , and which is different from the Spirits of Group (rear RTL روح), Semitic term of origin (RTL He רוח).
The Djinns term could mean, if one bases oneself on Hebraic root RTL rear He גן/RTL جَنَة, " those which come from the sky étoilé" derived from the old Greek " grc Oυ-ραν-ός" (which in Hebrew can be written (RTL He אְוּ - גַ֗ןֹ - וֹס).
Among Arabs
For the Arab , the djinns represent another race living the ground, in fact spirits live the deserted places, the water points, the cemeteries and the forests. To appear, they take various forms (Métamorphe), of which those of the man or the animals, usually of the snakes. The word djinn or 'ifrit (rear RTL عِفٰرِيتْ) (plural: besides 'apharit) (rear RTL عَفَارِيت) indicates at the same time these spirits like certain varieties of snakes. Their names, words or behaviors, which remained strange made it possible to distinguish them the human ones when they took the form of it. Some of these spirits were, according to the legends pre-Islamic S, the Muses of the poets: they are the hawajis (singular: Hadjis ). Like the men, they are organized in kingdoms, States, tribes, people, they have laws and religions (of which those of the man since the prophets from time immemorial are sent by God for the djinns and the men ).
In classical Arabic and old: (rear RTL جِنِ) Jinni (male) (rear RTL جِنِة) Jinnia (female), plural: Jinna or Jinn, in certain posterior Arab dialects Jinn, plural: Jnoun. (See also Goule (rear RTL غُولْ)
In the popular tradition of the Moslem countries, one does not say " to have a memory of éléphant" but a memory of jinn.
In Islam
In the Islam, the jinns are creatures equipped with supernatural capacities, they were created of a grid/weaving of " light of a subtle flame, a lighting fire (rear RTL ناَر/nɛ: R) " (as the human being was it starting from clay), they have to believe and will undergo the last judgment.
Specific names of the jinns are:
-
the 'Efrits (rear RTL عِفَارِيت) (of 'rear Iphrit RTL عِفٰرِيتْ): djinn of fire.
- Maritins (rear RTL مَاَرِدْ) (of rear Marid RTL مَاَرِدْ): water djinn.
- Sylphs (rear RTL سلف): djinn of air
For the Moslems, the Devil (Satan or Shaytan) is Jinn, and not an angel; Because contrary to the angels which do not have free will and do only what God asks: the djinns (as the men) can disobey God and make sins.
They are often described as being believing creatures or athé (like the man). On this subject, it is said that bad Jinn which " suivait" constantly the prophet Mahomet, ended up converting and became a good Djinn well before his death under the influence of the prophet during his observations… impalpable and invisible.
Like the man, they reproduce and live everywhere on ground (even in the desert or the seas) and in the middle of the men. But contrary to the man who was created with the tendency to forget (in phonetic Arabic " the insan" translated into French " gives; the homme" but also " the being which oublie" …), the Djinn cannot forget anything and remembers of all that it could live, see, to hear, etc and this, since its birth until its death. Moreover, their force is qualifiable of superhuman.
Islam did not prevent some to know " culturel" used for the Sorcery to be transmitted, however it is prohibited because it is Polythéisme and it goes hand in hand with the Djinns.
In accordance with the tradition, the Musulman S believe that nobody can predict the future except God, but they think that a person making a pact with a Djinn could know enormously of thing… from their nature. A Djinn or several is the secrecy of the large force Magicien S.
Certain wizards of orders world having as customers amongst other things Heads of States acknowledge not to predict the future… but for the remainder (present and last)… even the oldest secrecies can be known.
Sorcery is criticized much by the Moslems because the " faux" Sorcier S in addition to the interdict is " charlatans" because they give false hope and especially divert them with their " clients" way of God.
Truths wizard often have the reputation to have obtained to the appearance of one (or several) Djinn (S) at the request of the wizard in the form of worship unimaginable (Tender with a Djinn, human sacrifice, etc) and at the beginning without any promise of success. For the Moslems, if the wizard dies submitted for example to a Djinn and not to God, it will go unfortunately in Enfer because God does not accept the polytheism (or in Arab phonetics the " Shirk ") :
In the literature
One can note besides that the word “Génie” (with the marvellous direction as in the tale of Aladdin) is a Francization of the word “djinn”. Confusion with the word genius with the direction common (nobody equipped with a remarkable intellectual skill) east seems it intentional. It is as advisable to notice as in modern Arabic the word indicating a genius with the common direction of the term is' abqari which comes from' abqar a Oued of old the Arabia famous as being a den of djinns.
In the Thousand and One Nights, the djinns live the pink city of Shadukiam. The most former djinn, by which they swear or lend oath, names Kashkash. According to a medieval Black book ( the Book of the capacity ), Ampharool is the jinn which can teach with the magician the secrecy of the vol.
Victor Hugo wrote to a poem the Djinns published in his collection Eastern the .
In the trilogy of Bartiméus, work of Jonathan Stroud, the history tells the tests of magicians being able to call upon djinns, creatures malfaisantes and very often antiques (like Bartiméus). They exists various degrees of spirit, mainly, of weakest with most extremely: Gnomoncule, Gnome, Foliot (fantastic), djinn, Éfrit, Marid and others innominés as well as infinite quantities of other creatures.
References
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