Jemaah Islamiyah

The Jemaah Islamiyah is an Muslim organization radical E Indonesia. Its name means " community islamique" in Arab and is often shortened in JI.

The operational person in charge is Riduan Isamuddin or Hambali, which would be held in Jordan on behalf of the the United States.

The supposed founder of the JI is Abdullah Sungkar. Its name is quoted for the first time in 1978, with that of Abubakar Ba' to asyir, supposed spiritual leader of the JI, as they were stopped for bonds with the Darul Islam (a movement which of 1948 to 1964, will direct a rebellion in order to create an Islamic State in Indonesia). Ba' to asyir and Sungkar had founded a pesantren (Moslem religious school) in Ngruki, close to Solo to Java Centers. They will be condemned to 9 years of prison but will be released in 1982.

They then undertake to organize clandestine cells, which will quickly be dismantled by the authorities but will constitute the fish pond of future the JI. In 1985, their initial judgment being confirmed, they flee in Malaysia, very accessible country then for the islamist movements of all countries. They will be followed there by many partisans. More than 200 will receive a drive in camps Pakistani before going to fight in Afghanistan. However, none them is reproduced on the list of the " martyrs" died in the fight against the Soviet troops.

The JI is implied in violences between Christians and Moslems in the area of Poso (province of Sulawesi Center) and especially in the attacks of Bali (the most important clerk in the area, with 202 died, on October 12th, 2002, like that of October 1st, 2005), of the Marriott hotel to Jakarta (August 5th, 2003) and of the Australian embassy in Indonesia (September 9th, 2004).

Abdullah Sungkar was born in 1937 in Solo, of a family of Yemeni origin of merchants of Batik , the Javanese traditional fabric. It founds the JI in 1993. He dies in 1999.

Abubakar Ba' to asyir was born in 1938 with Jombang (Java Is), also in a family of Yemeni origin. In its youth, it is active with Al Irsyad, an Islamic organization who gathers the community of the Indonésiens of Arab origin. It binds to Sungkar in the years 1960 at the time of its studies at university Al Irsyad in Solo. It returns from Malaysia in 1999, after the resignation of Soeharto. It is thought that it takes the direction of the JI with died of Sungkar.

Ba' to asyir is stopped in October 2002, following the attacks of Bali. A first lawsuit is brought to him, at the end which he is condemned to 4 years of prison for " subversion with the intention to reverse the gouvernement". Its sorrow is reduced to 3 years in call, then in 18 months by the Supreme court indonésienne. It is immediately stopped at its coming out of prison in 2004 on the basis of Balinese file, within the framework of a new antiterrorist law which then has just been voted. The Constitutional court rejects the principle of retroactivity of this law. He is then condemned to 30 months of prison for the attack of Marriott.

The confessions of former students Ba' to asyir, as well as surveys carried out by researchers of Islamic universities of State, show the moral responsibility Ba' to asyir in these attacks.

Hambali, the operational person in charge of the JI, in addition was selected as chief of the operations of Al-Qaida for the Southeast Asia. One cannot however describe the JI as a regional branch of Al-Qaida. At most can one regard it as produces it indonésien of a general history in the Muslim world, that of war veterans who seek to recreate and transmit what they lived in Afghanistan.

Some support that the purpose of the JI is the establishment of a " Daulah Islamiyah Nusantara" (" Islamic state nusantarien" , of " Nusantara" , name that Indonésiens give to their archipelago) which would gather the whole of the Moslem Southeast Asia insular and peninsular, i.e. Actual positions of Brunei, of Indonesia, of the Malaysia, Singapore, as well as the south of the Filipino and the Thailand.

A. Feillard and R. Madinier showed the little of credibility of the project of " Daulah Islamiyah Nusantara". Indeed, the various rebellions carried out in the name of Islam in Southeast Asia always had as tallies and as perspective the State-nation in which they were held. Darul Islam indonésien wanted to create an Islamic State in Indonesia. The Moslems of the south of Philippines or Thailand ask for simply the recognition of their identity, their rights and of a certain autonomy. At all events, no document of the JI mentions " daulah islamiyah nusantara".

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