Jean de Lattre de Tassigny

Jean-Marie de Lattre de Tassigny is a Marshal of France (born the February 2nd 1889 with Mouilleron-in-Pareds in the Vendée - died the January 11th 1952 with Paris).

Born from an old aristocratic family of the French Flandres, and younger brother of Anne-Marie, it receives an education of quality to the college Saint Joseph of Poitiers.

Family origins

“of Lattre” is a very widespread Romance name in Flemish Flanders (, it is: Van der Kerkhove). It comes from Latin atrium who mean entered (or gantry) of a temple, and more exactly in this context: the square of the church or the enclosure of the monastery, often being used as cemetery. This name is also a toponymy, and of Lattre settled in XVIe century with Lattre-St Quentin.

The 18th century, (starting from Louis-Paul), the possession of an old property, the “Tassigny” which is the name of a stronghold close to Own way, allows the fusion of the name “of Lattre” with that of “Tassigny”.

  • paternal Branch (of Lattre)

    • Roger de Lattre de Tassigny, father of the marshal, is the “senior of the mayors of France” (mayor of 1911, until its death, in 1956, at the age of 101ans)
    • Laurent Emile de Lattre de Tassigny (1799-1852): Page of the duchess of Angouleme, sub-prefect of the Restoration with Châtellerault; then captain/officer of the dragons of the royal guard of Charles X

  • maternal Branch (Hénault, and further Mosnay)

    • Anne-Marie Louise Hénault: Born with Mouilleron-in-Pareds on March 18th, 1862, it is the mother of the marshal
    • In full French revolution, Jean François Hénault, gendarme, and keeps national safe accuracy Marie Duchesne de Denant of the guillotine, while proposing to him to marry.
    • Alexis Mosnay, wife Eulalie Braud (resulting from the Orleans News), at the 18th century

Military career

From 1898 to 1904, Jean prepares the Naval college and Saint-Cyr military school where it is received in 1908. He carries out his classes with the 29 {{E}} Dragons with Provins. He is pupil of Saint-Cyr military school of 1909 to 1911, in the promotion “Mauritania” of which he leaves 4th promotion. He enters in 1911 to the school of cavalry of Saumur.

First World War

In 1912 it is affected with the 12 {{E}} Dragons with Pont-à-Mousson then on the face. It is wounded first once on August 11th, 1914 by a glare of shell during a recognition. September 14th, it is wounded of a blow of lance of a Uhlan while charging with the head with its group with dragons. Weakened by its wound, obliged to hide in Pont-à-Mousson occupied by the Germans, it is saved capture by an officer of the 5th regiment of hussards in reconnaissance mission, the Schmeltz second lieutenant.

He is then captain of the 93 {{E}} Régiment of Infantry and finishes the war with 4 wounds and 8 quotations.

Inter-war period

It is then affected with the 49 {{E}} Régiment of Infantry of 1919 to 1921 with Bayonne. In 1921 it is sent to the Morocco in the 3rd office and the staff of the area of Taza until 1926. From 1927 to 1929 it follows the courses of the school of war with the 49e promotion. It Marie with Simone Calary de Lamazière in 1927, and they will have a son, Bernard, in 1928. In 1929 he becomes major to the 5 {{E}} Régiment of Infantry to Coulommiers. In 1932 it is promoted with the staff of the army then to that of the general Maxime Weygand, vice-president of the Superior council of the War, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. In 1935 he becomes colonel, ordering the 151 {{E}} Régiment of Infantry to Metz. Between 1937 and 1938 it follows courses to the center of the high military studies and becomes in 1938 chief of staff of the governor of Strasbourg.

Second world war

Promoted Brigadier general on March 23rd, 1939 he is chief of staff of the armed V {{E}} on September 2nd, 1939. January 1st, 1940 it takes the command of the 14 {{E}} Division of Infantry which it orders during the confrontations with the Wehrmacht with Rethel, where its division resists heroically, until the Champagne and the Yonne, and miraculeusement preserves its military cohesion in the middle of the chaos of the rout. From July 1940 in September 1941, he is assistant of the general ordering the 13 {{E}} military region with Clermont-Ferrand then becomes Major general ordering troops of Tunisia until the end 1941. Thereafter it orders the 16 {{E}} Division with Montpellier and is promoted Lieutenant-general of army.

When the free Zone is invaded by the German troops it refuses the order not to fight and is stopped. He is condemned to 10 years of prison by the court of State of the section of Lyon on January 9th, 1943.

Managing to escape from the Prison of Riom on September 3rd, 1943 it joined London then Algiers where it arrives on December 20th, 1943 after being promoted with the row of general on November 11th, 1943 by the general de Gaulle. In December 1943 it orders the Armée B, which becomes the First French Army. It unloads in Provence on August 16th, 1944, takes Toulon and Marseilles, goes up the valley of the the Rhone, then the the Rhine, releases the Alsace, and enters to Germany until the the Danube. It represented France with the signature of the armistice of May 8th, 1945 in Berlin at the general headquarter of the Marshal Joukov.

After the war

Between December 1945 and March 1947, he is general inspector and chief of general staff. In March 1947 he is general inspector of the army, then general inspector of the armed forces. From October 1948 in December 1950, he is commander-in-chief of the armies of Western Europe with Fontainebleau.

He became High-Commissioner and Commander as a chief in Indo-China and commander-in-chief in the Far East (1950 - 1952) and sets up a national army Vietnamese. Exhausted by the overwork to which it east is compelled throughout its career and which its wound received in 1914 did not arrange, very affected by the death of his son Bernard, killed during the countryside of Indo-China, and reached of a cancer of the hip, it dies in Paris on January 11th, 1952 of the continuations of an operation. It is high with the dignity of Marshal of France, with posthumous Titer, at the time of its funeral on January 15th, 1952. It is buried in its native village of Mouilleron-in-Pareds.

Distinctions

Cross:
  • Belgian Military Cross
  • Military Cross (Czechoslovakia)
  • titular of the Military Cross 1914-1918 (8 quotations)
  • titular of the titular Military Cross 1939-1945
  • of the Military Cross of the T.O.E (3 quotations)

Grand Cross:

  • Grand Cross of the Legion of honor
  • Grand Cross of the White Lion (Czechoslovakia)
  • Grand Cross of the Order of Léopold (Belgium)
  • Large Cross of the Order of Saint Olaf (Norway)
  • Large Cross of the Order of Orange-Nassau (Netherlands)
  • Large Cross of the Order of the Million Elephants (Laos)
  • Large Cross of the Order of Blood (Tunisia)
  • Large Cross of the Royal Order of the Large Kampuchea
  • Cross of the Royal Order of Dannebrog ( Denmark)
  • Large Cross of the National order of the Large Vietnam
  • Cross of the Military Merit (Chile)
  • Large Cross of the White Parasol (Laos)
  • Large Cross Libertador San Martin (Argentinian)
  • Large Cross of the Ouissam Alaouite (Morocco)
  • Large Cross of the Black Star (Benign)

Merits:

Medals:

Quotations

  • "Not subir."
  • " To strike the enemy, it is well. To strike imagination, it is mieux."
  • " It is not by improving a nonsense that a certain intelligence is proven: it is in the supprimant."

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