Jean XXII

Jacques Duèze , born in 1244 with Cahors, died in 1334 with Avignon, resulting from a family of the upper middle-class of Cahors, becomes Pape in 1316, under the name of Jean XXII .

He studies in Cahors, then with Montpellier. He becomes initially Archiprêtre of Cahors, then Doyen of the Puy, bishop of Frejus (1300) then of Avignon (1310). He is the chancellor of Charles II of Anjou, king de Naples. In 1312 it is cardinal Saint-Vital title of , then cardinal-bishop of Oporto in 1313. It compensates the vice-chancellor of the Church.

He is elected pope the August 7th 1316 after more than two years of interregnum occupied by a Conclave several times stopped and deferred. It is the second Pape of Avignon.

Jean XXII chooses like collaborator close relation his nephew - the son of his Marie sister - Gasbert de Valle, which it names treasurer as of his taking of, then, the September 18th 1319, Camérier. He will ask him to ensure for his account the monitoring of évêché of Avignon, where he refuses to name a holder, and will name it bishop of Marseilles, then archbishop of Arles.

By a papal bubble of 1318, it widens the capacities given to the inquisiteurs to bring lawsuits with the witches.

In March 1324, Jean XXII excommunicated and deposited the emperor Louis IV of Bavaria like heretic. The emperor supported the hétérodoxes, inter alia Marsile de Padoue and Guillaume d' Occam. Entered in Rome in January 1328, Louis IV of Bavaria was made crown in April and deposited Jean XXII there, indicating in his place, in May, a Franciscain, Pierre Rainalucci, who became the Antipape Nicolas V. The emperor being constrained to regain Germany by a coalition of Visconti and Este, the antipape Nicolas V was made prisoner by the partisans of the pope.

Jean XXII is before all the large organizer of the pontifical administration and the structuring of the ordinary operation of the Church. He extends the reserve of the collations, sets up a taxation on the benefit, creates the wheels of a central government.

He faces with difficulty with the opposition of Spiritual of the order Franciscain. He publishes the last books of the Décrétales .

He modifies the ecclesiastical chart to take account of the geographical evolution of the laic world, creating in particular new Diocèse S and a new province (Toulouse) in the South of France.

It constrained religious orders with the reform. It amplifies the Népotisme inaugurated by Clément V.

The figure of the Duèze cardinal, then pope Jean XXII, was popularized by the television serial the cursed Kings inspired by the romantic series the cursed kings (1972) of Maurice Druon, in which its character, appearing in several episodes, was interpreted by Henri Virlojeux, and by Claude Rich in the version of 2005.

External bonds

  • Biography of the pope of Avignon Jean XXII

  • Genealogy of the Duèze family, then Caraman

See too

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