Jean Poilevillain

Jean Poilevillain is one of these Bourgeois rich person of XIVe, made essential to king de France because of his important pecuniary resources and who of this fact becomes a close financial adviser of Philippe VI. Bound to very unpopular removals of the currency , he is imprisoned in 1346 after the defeat of Crécy for which it is necessary to find scapegoats.

Context

Starting from the end of the 13th century, balance between the three orders breaks. The urban development required the creation of a centralized State returning justice, unifying the currency and having to protect the country against the possible attacks from other powerful States able to raise consequent armies. Such a structure must be financed and the State all the more requires for financial resources that the feudal system is maintained by the redistribution of richnesses towards its vassal. Large the patriciat tradesman has very abundant financial resources which it lends to the princes and to the ecclesiastics: He becomes an inevitable actor.

Not having an administration sufficient and wanting to limit the power of large feudal, the Capétiens delegate political, tax and legal powers more and more to him creating true free zones with the large commercial crossroads. For example the taking away of taxes is done often indirectly: the king is done directly taking the amount wanted on rich person patricians fortunes who refund himself by taking the tax, empochant then of comfortable benefit. Same manner, the king calls upon these rich person changers for monetary changes, another instrument to reinflate the cases of the state. This handling which decreases the content of noble metals of the cash involves Dévaluation S which are very badly perceived by the population of the cities and the nobility (a devaluation reduces the value of the royalties seigneuriales to fixed amount). Lastly, the multiplication of the businesses to be regulated made impossible their only treatment by the kings and the large nobility who then delegated part of their judicial powers to Parliament S and other courts of justice which are a means for the patriciat of returning in the noblesse de robe.

Biography

Jean Poilevillain, high bourgeoisie of Paris, Master of the currencies, treasurer of the king, Master of National Forestry Commission are one of these advisers made unpopular by monetary handling. In 1346, following the Bataille of Crécy one needs scapegoats and it is made responsible for the bad government and are thrown in prison with other bankers manipulators of the currency close to the capacity like Pierre of Essars.

The war being it not to take again Jean the Good with need for finance. He convenes the general states in 1355, to obtain the financing of an army by a tax. But the taxes do not return and the king has recourse once again to the manipulators of the currency honnis: he points out Jean Poilevillain and Nicolas Braque that he names respectively with the Accounts and the Currencies.

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