Jean Ier de Berry

See also: Jean de France, Berry (homonymy)

Jean de France , born the November 30th 1340 with Vincennes, died in 1416 with Paris, is a prince French branch Valois of the dynasty capétienne, Duc of Berry of 1360 to its death.

Genealogy

He is the son of the king de France Jean II '' the Good '' and of Bonne of Luxembourg.

In 1382, Bernard de Ventadour sells the seigniory of Montpensier to Jean Ier de France duke of Berry. At once the transaction carried out the seigniory is set up in county. Jean Ier gives it at once to his Charles oldest son who dies in twenty years in 1382. His/her son junior Jean II is nonmajor, Jean de France takes again for itself the county until 1386 or it gives it to Jean II of Berry (1363-1401) which keeps it until its death. He also disappears before his/her father who, once again takes again the county and in 1416 it is his/her daughter Marie de Berry (1375-1434) who is made countess of Montpensier of 1416 to 1434. Married in third weddings with Jean I {{er}} of Bourbon (1381-1434), they give the county to their son Louis I {{er}} of Bourbon known as the Good (1402-1486) which is count de Montpensier of 1434 (date of died of the parents) up to 1486.

In 1360, it marries Jeanne of Armagnac (dead in 1388), girl of the count d' Armagnac Jean I {{er}} and of the countess of Charolais Béatrice de Clermont. Three children at least come from this union:

Charles (1362-1382), count de Montpensier
Jean II of Berry (1363-1401), count de Montpensier (1386-1401)
Good of Berry (v. 1366-1435),
: X (1) 1377 Amédée VII, count de Savoie,
: X (2) 1394 Bernard VII, count d' Armagnac
Marie de Berry (v. 1367-1434), duchess of Auvergne and countess of Montpensier (1416-1434),
: X (1) Louis de Châtillon (death in 1391), count de Dunois,
: X (2) Philippe d' Artois (1358-1397), count of Have,
: X (3) 1401 Jean I {{er}}, duke of Bourbon

In 1389, it marries Jeanne II of Auvergne (1378-apr. 1424), duchess of Auvergne (1404-) and countess of Boulogne (1404-), without known posterity of this union. Jean Froissart mentions the homosexual practices of the duke, which would not be rare within the Court: it evokes the presence thus, in the entourage of the duke, of a Jacques Thibaut.

Wire of France and patron sumptuous

The policy

It is prerogative Berry (1360 - 1416) by his father, then Poitou in 1369, and, by marriage, of the duchy of Auvergne and of the county of Montpensier of 1404 at 1416.

After the disastrous defeat of Poitiers, where his/her father is made prisoner, it is given as an hostage to the English when the king returns to France (1360) and there remains prisoner in England until in 1367.

As long as its elder king Charles Wise the lived, Jean, like his two Louis brothers of Anjou and Philippe of Burgundy, remained an unwavering support of Charles and his daring policy against the English enemy. He felt nearer to Charles than of his other brothers: indeed, like him, he liked arts, the literature, the beautiful objects. However, contrary to Charles, Jean was more one collector that a creator. One remembers especially him like very large patron.

With died of his brother Charles V (1380), it is named one of the tutors of the young king Charles VI jointly with the dukes of Anjou and Burgundy; but it was announced only by its avarice and its rapacity. When Charles VI had become insane, it shared the authority with his brother, the duke of Burgundy Philippe II '' Bold the '' (1342 - 1404), and its nephew, the Duc of Orleans Louis I {{er}} (1372 - 1407). However the duke of Berry was that which had less share with the capacity; in 1381, the duke Jean Ier de Berry is named general lieutenant of the king to replace his Louis brother in Languedoc, where the Tuchinat prevails. This nomination worsens the things: Tuchinat becomes carrying the dispute of the tax, the royal capacity and its methods. The troops ordered by the duke of Berry face Tuchins in arranged battle, inter alia with Uchaud, close to Lunel. He exerts in the area all kinds of vexations and exactions.

Charles VI, as soon as it could control, withdrew his government to him and made perish on the Bûcher Jean Béthisac, the principal agent of his tyranny (1389). Initially mediator in the opposition between Burgundy and Orleans, it supported, starting from 1410, the Armagnacs in the civil war the opponent with Burgundian the, then treated with the English and was named Capitaine Paris and Lieutenant of the king in Languedoc (1413).

The patron

Sumptuous patron, it protected arts and the letters and had the most beautiful manuscripts of the time (Psautier). It ordered the Très Rich hours of the duke of Berry to the Paul brothers, Jean and Hermann of Limbourg who completed it only well after his death. It also made carry out the Early hours of Jean de Berry

It was made build several palates. That of Mehun-on-Yèvre is undoubtedly most beautiful, with Bourges, a castle at the edge of water with Poitiers (where it made moreover refit the keep comtal out of turn of residence). The architect of the majority of these constructions was Guy de Dammartin. On the model of the Ste Chapelle of Paris, it made some, like his brothers, to build one in its fields, for showing well its filiation with king Saint Louis.

Source

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