|- | Noble Family or Dynasty || Sobieski |- | Weapons ||align=" center" | |- |Reign || 1674 - 1696 |- | Parents || Jakub Sobieski , Zofia Teofillia Z Daniłowiczów |- | Joint || Marie Casimire Louise of the Barn of Arquien |- | Children || 1667: James Louis Henri - Prince of the Crown, 1676: Teresa Kunegunde, (Wife in 1695, Maximilien II Emmanuel - voter of Bavaria), 1677: Aleksander Benedykt, 1680: Konstanty Wladyslaw, 1682: Jean |- | Date birth || August 17th 1629 |- | Place birth || Olesko, Ruthénie |- | Date death || June 17th 1696 |- | Place death || Wilanów, Poland |}

Jean III Sobieski (August 17th 1629 with Olesko (Ukraine current) - June 17th 1696) was king of the Union of Poland-Lithuania of 1674 with 1696. This national hero overcame the Turks, who called it the Lion of Lechia , and delivered Vienna besieged by Kara-Mustapha on September 12th 1683. He is buried with Cracow.

Titles

• (in Latin): Joannes III, Dei Gratia rex Poloniae, magnus dux Lithuaniae, Russia, Prussiae, Masoviae, Samogitiae, Livoniae, Smolenscie, Kijoviae, Volhyniae, Podlachiae, Severiae, Czernichoviaeque, etc

• Jean III, by the grace of God, king de Pologne, Large Duke of Lithuania, Ruthénie, Prussia, Mazovie, Samogitie, Livonie, Smolensk, Kiev, Volhynie, Podolie, Sevèrie and Tchernigov, etc

Biography

Jean Sobieski was born the August 17th 1629 in Olesko (Ukraine current) from Jakub Sobieski from Janina (1580-1646), Voïvode of Ruthénie and Kasztelan of Cracow and Zofia Teofillia (born Daniłowicz), grand-daughter of the Hetman Stanislaw Zolkiewski. After studies with the Academy of Cracow, he undertakes a military career and illustrates himself in the wars against the Ottoman Empire, the Tatars, the Moscovites, the Cosaques, and the Swedish. After which he travels to Europe. Attracted by France, he marries a Frenchwoman: Marie-Casimire (Marysienka), widow of Jean Sobiepan Zamoyski voïvode of Kiev, and following of the queen Marie Louise of Gonzague-Nevers (Maria Ludwika).

In 1668, the king Jean II Casimir names it Grand Hetman (commander-in-chief of the Polish armies). With died of Jean II, Michael Korybut Wisniowiecki is elected king de Pologne. Jean Sobieski, lines up side of the opposition, which is worth a semi-disgrace to him, well quickly forgotten by his many successes against the Turks in particular to the Bataille of Khotin (1673), and the death of the king. Jean Sobieski is in his turn elected king, quasi-unanimement, by the Szlachta, the May 21st 1674, and crowned the February 2nd 1676.

One of the ambitions of Jean III is to gather Christian Europe in a crusade against the Ottoman Empire and to drive out the Turks of Europe. It is combined with the Saint Empire and joined the catholic league of the Pope Innocent XI.

According to the Polish historian Oscar Halecki, Jean III projected to occupy the Prussia with the assistance of the Swedes and the complicity of the France. But this company is quickly condemned to the failure, because of the opposition of the tycoons (Polish nobility) and of the war against Turkey which obliges it to be combined with the Habsbourg. In 1676, it gains the victory of Zurawno against the Turks.

Its greater success occurs the September 12th 1683 with the Bataille of Vienna, with the Polish troops, Austrian and German gathered against the Turkish army ordered by Kara Mustafa. The foreign Pope and dignitaries call it " Saver of Vienna and the European civilization of Est" .

In a letter with his wife, he writes: " … All the small people kissed me the hands, the feet, clothing; others were satisfied to touch to me while saying: Ah, let kiss a so courageous hand to us! " . The Fête of the Saint Name of Marie was instituted in the memory of this victory.

Sobieski had provided to attack the September 13rd, but it realized that the Turks were in battle order as of the 12. At four o'clock in the morning, the strong troops of Sobieski of approximately 81.000 men attack a Turkish army of approximately 130  000 men. Sobieski charges with its hussard S and inserts the enemy lines which pack up in greatest confusion. At five hours thirty, the battle of Vienna is finished.

Jean III Sobieski, called by the Turks the Lion of Turkish Lechia (: Poland) , was certainly largest king de Pologne. He dies in Wilanów, with Warsaw, the June 17th 1696. His wife, Marie Casimire, died in Blois (in France) in 1716. Its skin was brought back in Poland to be buried close to the king to the Castle of Wawel to Cracow.

Auguste II voter of Saxony, succeeded Jean III. With died of this one 1733, a fight for the crown follows, indicated like the War of succession of Poland.

Marriage and descent

1. Jacques Louis Henri Sobieski, (1667 - 1736) - Prince of the crown
2. Teresa Kunegunde, (1676 - 1730) - Wife in 1695, Maximilien II Emmanuel, voter of Bavaria
3. Aleksander Benedykt, (1677 - 1713)
4. Konstanty Wladyslaw, (1680 - 1720)
5. Jean, (1682 - 1685)