Jean Giraudoux (Bellac, in High-Vienna, the Limousin, the October 29th 1882 - Paris, January 31st 1944) is a writer French.
Biography
Born in a modest family, Jean Giraudoux made of brilliant studies in the various establishments which he attends of which the college of Chateauroux which bears today its name (college Jean Giraudoux of Chateauroux) where he is internal of 1893 to 1900, with the Lycée Lakanal of Seals then to the National university. It is impassioned for the German culture, before moving towards the diplomacy and the writing.
During the summer 1905 he is the tutor of Paul Morand with Munich. Then it leaves on a journey for the Serbia, the Hungary, the Austria and finally Trieste and Venice in Italy. It goes to the the United States, of September 1907 in March 1908, with a purse for the Université Harvard. Mobilized as sergeant in 1914, then appointed second lieutenant, it is wounded and made knight of the Légion of Honor.
The knowledge of Louis Jouvet in 1928 stimulates its theatrical creation. In front of the rise of the dangers in Europe, he writes the Trojan War will not take place , pessimistic part (although not stripped of humor squeaking) having for topic the cynicism of the politicians and the difference between the history such as the leaders shows it to the people and such that it really occurs. In July 1939 it is named by Daladier “general police chief with information” and pronounces its Messages of Continental, against the war hitlérienne. It is replaced in March 1940 by Frossard, and put at the retirement in January 1941.
It publishes, the day before the war, an important political test: full powerss (Gallimard, 1939).
The defeat of 1940 inspires two writings to him which appear only after its death, the second having remained unfinished: Armistice in Bordeaux 1945, and Without capacities 1946, published one and the other with Monaco. General police chief with information under Daladier, his role during the Occupation is contrasted:
- Its passion for the German culture exists of long time: “We who like Dürer, Goethe, we are exiled of Germany. ”
- But in Armistice in Bordeaux , it is opposed, sentence by sentence, with the second speech of Pétain.
- One proposes to him to leave France. He refuses, asserting need for delivering in France “a fight of influence with Germany”.
Its participation in the fight against the German occupation within the Résistance remains still discussed.
Jean Giraudoux dies on January 31st, 1944, at the age of sixty and one years, according to the official version, following a food poisoning, but, more probably, of a pancréatite.
A few days after its burial, which takes place the February 3rd in a provisional vault of the Cimetière of Montmartre, Claude Roy makes run the noise, with the Café of Flora, which it was poisoned by the Gestapo. Louis Aragon takes it again on its account in This evening the September 20th 1944: “Why? Not only because they is French of our writers, but certainly as for its kept resistant activity very secret and as, for my part, I had guessed during last maintenance that I was to have with him five days before his death”. A biography exploring the question is devoted to him by Jacques Body in 2004.
It is buried with the Cimetière of Passy to Paris.
Quotations
The Narsès woman: “(...) Comment that is it called, when the day rises, like today, and that all is wasted, that all is ransacked, and that the air however is breathed, and that one very lost, that the city burns, that the innocent ones between-commit suicide, but what the culprits fail, in a corner of the day which rises? ”Electra: “Request with the beggar. He knows it. ”
The beggar: “That has a very beautiful name, Narsès woman. That is called the dawn. ”
(last counterparts of the part Electra )
Vision of the war:
- “the privilege of large, it is to see the catastrophes of a terrace. ”
Play of the oppositions:
- “what like the men is not to know, it is not to know, it is to oscillate between two truths or two lies, between Gap and Bressuire. ”
Giraudoux anti-semite?
Being based on several quotations of full powerss , some consider that Giraudoux was anti-semite. Thus Enzo Traverso or Jewish Platform , re-examined directed by Ivan Levaï.For its biographer Jacques Body, on the other hand, “Giraudoux anti-semite, Vichyist Giraudoux, it became the antienne ignoramuses. ” According to him, of full powerss , “his plea for an immigration policy and the right of asylum”, one made, “fifty years later, a xenophobe and racist breviary, with blow of truncated quotations. ”.
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