Jean Ernouf

See also: Ernouf

Jean Auguste Ernouf (August 29th 1753 with Alençon (Flowering ash) - 1827, Paris) is a soldier French.

He accepted a distinguished education and embraced with heat the military career. Jean Ernouf engages like private in the revolutionary army at the beginning of the French revolution which, having abolished the privileges, enables him to go up very quickly in rank.

Affected, in the capacity as lieutenant of infantry, with the 1st battalion of volunteers of the Flowering ash, the September 24th 1791, captain the March 22nd 1792, and the May 5th 1793 assistance-of-camp of the general Barthel with the Armed with North, it obtained the July 30th according to the rank of adjudant-general major, after the businesses of Rosbruge and Ost-Cassel, in the maritime Flanders.

Named speak Représentants about the ordering people of the Camp of Cassel, the September 16th of the same year, while it was occupied strengthening this important station, the Duc of York put the seat in front of Dunkirk and blocked the town of Bergues, then deprived of garrison. Ernouf managed to throw a thousand of men in the place, joined Houchard, which went to the help of Dunkirk, informed this general of the force and of the direction of the enemy, then, being put at the head of a column, it made raise the English camp which encircled Bergues. The executive power, appreciating the share that Ernouf had taken with success, raised it, the September 21st 1793, with the Brigadier general rank of , and named it, the 30 of the same month, chief of staff of the Armée with North.

It was still by its councils that the , general-in-chief Jourdan, having found the Prince de Cobourg by behind the wood of Wattignies, forced it to pass by again the Sambre and with raising the Siège of Maubeuge: this important service was worth to him its promotion with the Major general rank of , the 23 frimaire year II for its feats of arms to the Bataille of Hondschoote. But Jourdan, remained in the inactivity, in consequence of the bad condition of the ways, was recalled by the Comité of public hello, and Ernouf shared the disgrace of its general.

It is suspended for reason for antisocial behavior in 1793 but is reinstated the following year with the end of the Terreur. It is named chief of staff of the army of the the Moselle then army of Sambre-and-Meuse, by order of the representatives Gilet and Guyton, of the 16 messidor year II.

The invasion of Charleroi, the passage of Sambre, and the victory of the battles of Fleurus, were due partly to the Ernouf general. In these various circumstances, he assisted perfectly the general-in-chief Jourdan, and during the retirement of the army of Sambre-and-Meuse he saved the artillery park which had taken a false direction. Named, the 26 fructidor year V, director of the deposit of the war, to which one joins together the cabinet topographic and historical, almost then attached to the Directoire, it formed, at the same time, part of the military committee, charged with tracing the new line of defense of the borders of the the Rhine to the Meuse. It left the direction of the deposit, the 22 vendémiaire year VII, to go to occupy the functions of chief of staff to the Armée with the Danube, which it ordered at the beginning of the general-in-chief, and of which it directed the retirement towards the Kintzing, where he gave an opinion until the arrival of Masséna. Then sent to the Armed with the Alps to operate its incorporation in the Armed with Italy, he became inspector of the troops of infantry in this region, in same quality was employed in the Western, at the beginning of year VIII, then, after the Traité of Lunéville, he went on the same basis to Turin, Genoa, Milan and Naples, and returned to Paris, the 17 ventôse year XI. Legionary, the 15 pluviôse year XII, large officer of the Order the 25 meadow following, the First Consul named it, about this time, captain general of the Guadeloupe and the Leeward Islands.

Most dreadful anarchy reigned then in this colony; the maroon negros made many assassinations there, and the coloured men, in permanent insurrection against the white, drove out them their properties; this situation became complicated by the rupture of the Traité of Amiens, which again called the war in these regions. In 1804, it is made large-officer of the Légion of honor.

In less than one year, the Ernouf general restores the order, gave agriculture in force, and raised the batteries of the coasts; but if its administration were wise and skilful, it could not escape the charge to have made some dilapidations.

Some time after, it was made main from the Swedish island of St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre, where the rebels of Saint-Domingue made trade, and, 1809, many Corsaire S left the ports of the colony. The totality of the ships taken on the enemy amounted to 134, and the product of their sale to 80 million. The war with the Spain and the catch of the Martinique was a signal of died for the Guadeloupe; blocked on all sides by the maritime forces of the English, she saw falling successively in their capacity the small islands from her dependence and was soon reduced with most dreadful misery. The major part of the troops had perished, and the desperate inhabitants spoke each day to go; in these circumstances, 11.000 English troops, ordered by the general Becwith, operated a descent on the Côtes of Capestère, and attacked the Ernouf general at the same time by three sides; this one beat the enemy on two points, but having lost half of its world, it was constrained to sign, the February 6th 1810, a capitulation, in consequence of which him and his/her companions were led in England.

Reached from a declared disease mortal, it obtained the authorization to return in France, after an prisoner exchange between Britanniques and French, unloaded the April 27th 1811 with Morlaix, and obtained its exchange afterwards a few months. Napoleon i, irritated loss of the Guadeloupe, had returned, the July 18th 1811, a decree pronouncing the committal for trial of the Ernouf general as shown abuse of power, of misappropriation and treason. The result of the board of inquiry, chaired by the marshal Moncey, was sent to the count Regnault-Saint-Jean-in Angely, public prosecutor of the imperial High court which, under the constitution, had the exclusive right consider the captains general; but the conclusions of the public prosecutor were, that the High court was not sufficiently organized to set in motion a procedure. One thus returned the business in front of the Court of appeal to assign a jurisdiction with the general, and the public ministry concludes with its reference in front of the County court. This new procedure did not have any continuation, and this business, which retained twenty-three month the Ernouf general in captivity, had as first a result its exile with fifty miles of the capital, without being able to obtain that a council of war pronounced on its fate.

To the Restauration, Louis XVIII, on his return in France, returned an ordinance, where it was known as that in consideration of the immense difficulties that one tested to collect testimonys, and because especially of the services rendered by the Ernouf general with his fatherland, the procedure directed against him would be cancelled. Louis XVIII suspends the procedure in its opposition and obtains its rallying with the Bourbons.

Created Knight of Saint-Louis, the August 20th of the same year, and appointed general inspector of infantry, the January 3rd 1815, it went in this quality to Marseilles. In March 1815, it receives a command in the 1st army corps of the Duc of Angouleme.

It was in Marseilles at the time of the unloading of Napoleon with Cannes. A defection of part of its troops and the news of the capitulation of the duke of Angouleme with the Fen obliged it, the April 11th, to lay off them. It returned then to Marseilles, where the provisions taken by the marshal Masséna, in favor of the imperial cause, determined it to go to Paris. Relieved by an imperial decree of the April 15th 1815. It is revoked during the Hundred Days to have tried to be opposed to the return to the capacity Napoleon. He saw putting the sequestration on his hotel at Paris and the seals on his papers; but with the return of the Bourbons an ordinance restores it in its rights and its properties.

Louis XVIII granted to him, the May 3rd 1816, the title of baron with the cross of commander of the Ordre of Saint-Louis, and conferred to him, the November 11th same year, the command of the 3rd military division (Metz), whose territory was almost entirely occupied by the allied troops, and where it could by his efforts maintain the good harmony between the foreign inhabitants and soldiers.

About the same time it accompanied the duke by Angouleme during the recovery of Thionville by the French troops. It had been sent to the House of Commons by the department of the Flowering ash, in 1815. Elected by the department of the the Moselle, in 1816, it obtained in 1818 the authorization to come to sit at the House of Commons, and left the command of the 3rd division during its admission to the retirement, the July 22nd 1818. He died in Paris, the September 12th 1827.

One gave his name to a barracks of his birthplace.

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