Jean-Pons-Guillaume Viennet

Jean-Pons-Guillaume Viennet , born the November 18th 1777 with Béziers, deceased the July 10th 1868 with the Valley-Saint-Germain, is a Politician, Poète and Dramatic author French, member of the French Academy. It is buried with the Cimetière of the Father-Lachaise to Paris.

Biography

It was wire of conventional the Jacques Joseph Viennet and nephew of the priest Louis Esprit Viennet, who was, during forty years, priest of the church Saint-Merri with Paris, and which, in 1790, lent oath to the civil constitution of the clergy.

Its long career, of soldier initially and public figure then, dramatic writer and poet, crossed by the political revolutions and the literary wars, is full with incidents and adventures. It had the capacity to rise under various capacities with all literary and political dignities, while reaching in extreme cases last of unpopularity. “I counted, said it, up to five hundred epigram S per annum against me; very escaped of college which entered a serial believed owe me its first kick. ” Its name was used as Turk head with the republican and the romantic ; but it could be avenged by a Fable or a epistle for its keenest enemies.

Military career under Napoleon

After having made excellent studies with the college of Béziers and having chaired, during the first times of the Revolution, the club of the children of its age, it was intended by its family at the ecclesiastical state. But he preferred, at 19 years, to enter as lieutenant as a second the marine artillery. Its first countryside was not to be happy. Sent to Brest, then with Lorient, it was, on April 21st, 1797, taken on board on the vessel the Hercules . This building had not earlier gained the broad one, than he saw himself giving hunting by two English cruisers. Some artillery salvos later, the crew of the Hercules , tiny room of more than half, became prisoner of the English. Lieutenant Viennet remained for seven months captive on bridge Plymouth. The Poésie comforted it rigors of the fate; it was made even Acteur. On the theater which it succeeds in assembling on board its maritime prison, the parts composed by him alternated with the Tragédie S and the light comedy S of time. With the favor of an prisoner exchange, it recovered freedom, and it reinstated its body of origin.

In 1812, it obtained the favor to come to Paris; he wrote then much, of the epistles, the tragedies, the comedies, the poems. Some of its epistles gained prices with the Floral Jeux. He tried to make play his Clovis , tragedy in 5 acts, with the Th3e4atre Fran1cais, when he accepted the order to join his regiment immediately goes from there for the Saxony. He left and made as captain the Campagne of Saxony (1813), attended the battles of Lützen, with that of Bautzen, where he was decorated with the hand of the emperor. In disastrous the day of Leipzig, it was made prisoner, and it returned to France only with the Restauration, to which it stuck with a certain eagerness.

First and second Restoration

It became aide-de-camp of the general of Montélégier, itself aide-de-camp of the duke of Berry. The Hundred Days did not bring back it to the imperial system; he refused to vote for the additional act, which failed to get to him a voyage to Cayenne. He had only with the authorities of Cambacérès, friend of his father, to see revoking the order already signed by the minister Denis Decrès.

The Bourbons reappeared; but Viennet not having followed the duke of Berry to Ghent, one reproached it to him, although he had refused his adhesion with the preceding mode. Left without employment, it took again the feather and was made journalist. He collaborated in Aristarque , with the Journal of Paris , the Constitutionnel , until he was finally admitted, thanks to Gouvion Saint-Cyr military school, in the royal body staff. To this time go back its many Épîtres .

July 17th, 1820, it gave to the Académie music an opera in an act, Aspasie and Périclès , music of Daussoigne, nephew and raises Méhul; the excellent partition of this young Master fought during sixteen representations against the disastrous influence of a booklet deprived of interest without being able to order success. A little later, on October 19th, its tragedy Clovis saw finally the fire of the slope, in the Th3e4atre Fran1cais, and had success. He wrote many other parts, especially tragedies, which were not, they, not represented.

Appointed major to the seniority in 1823, it was striped executives in 1827 following the publication of sound Épître to the ragmen in favor of the Freedom of the press, spiritual and bold protest against a legislation at the same time odious and absurd. One did not have any more to make it popular, and, on April 21st, 1828, it was elected Député of the 2nd electoral district of the Herault (Béziers).

It took row among the members of the left, supporting of its vote, and sometimes of its speeches, this parliamentary opposition which was going to lead to the revolution of 1830. He voted the Adresse of the 221. Re-elected on June 23rd, 1830 with 55% of the voters, it contributed to the establishment of the Monarchie of July, and it was him which lute with the people, with the Town hall, on July 31st, the nomination of the duke of Orleans as general lieutenant of the kingdom.

Monarchy of July

The new king restored in Viennet his rank of major. Re-elected appointed on July 5th, 1831 with 65% of the voters, it sat in the ministerial majority. Devoting itself without counting, but with the intolerant ardor of its spirit, it was like the enfant terrible of its party and said high the projects, the hopes or the watchwords of the reaction. With the Room, it continued its vehement exits, of its attacks prickly and sudden the republicans, whom it called stipendiés of the riot, and it was seen soon, in return, whistled and ridiculed. Not test card of the '' Charivari '' and Caricature , it was put at all sauces of the malignity, the sarcastic remark and the denigration.

The French Academy opened its doors to him on November 18th, 1830; it succeeded the count de Ségur with the armchair 22. The Academy thus made a place in its center with that which was, with Baour-Lormian, one of the most obstinate chiefs of absolute resistance to the attempts of the Romantisme.

Particular friend of Louis-Philippe, this one raised it with the dignity of even on November 7th, 1839. With a very southernmost liveliness, Viennet did not continue of them less its literary work (Romance, operas, tragedies, comedies, epistles and fables) like its vehement political debates. But the par was not spared more than had been to it the deputy, and the things lasted thus until in February 1848; the events of this time tore off it at the same time its bench of the Luxembourg and the militant policy; the satirical newspapers, elsewhere occupied, released one moment their prey. Later, one knew even liking to him to be oneself shown very worthy and very firm with respect to the men of the December 2nd.

The freemason

Dignitary of the freemasons of the Scottish Rite for France and his colonies, become Large Master of this obedience (Sovereign Large Commander) in 1860, it fought vigorously for the independence of this rite, when the to be able, by an abuse its authority, expressed the claim to join together it with the French Rite under the direction of the marshal Magnan. The old man then found all the greenness of youth, and the way in which it held head with the storm was worth him a renewal of this popularity that, since the Restauration, it had not known any more. It almost continued its literary work until its last day. It died out in the Valley-Saint-Germain, close to Dourdan, at the 90 years age.

It had written itself its own note in the Dictionnaire of the conversation , to which it provided articles. Haussonville, which replaced it with the French Academy, made its praise on March 31st, 1870.

Principal works

The failures that Viennet met with the theater it ever discouraged from writing, and this literary production lasted all its long life. Several works not represented, rejected by the Opera or the theaters, do not appear below.

Aspasie and Périclès , opera in 1 act, music of Daussoigne, Paris, Theater of the royal Academy of music, July 17th, 1820;
Clovis , tragedy in 5 acts, Paris, French Theater, October 19th, 1820;
philosophical Walk with the Cemetery of the Father-Lachaise (1824);
the Head office of Damas , poem in five songs, preceded by a foreword on the traditional ones and the romantic ones (1825);
Sigismond of Burgundy , tragedy in 5 acts, Paris, ordinary Actors of the King, September 10th, 1825;
Sédim, or the Negros , poem in three songs (1826);
the Tower of Montlhéry, history of XIIe century , novel (1833, 3 vol.), reprinted in the collection of the illustrated Romance ;
the Castle Saint-Angel , novel (1834, 2 vol.);
the Oaths , comedy in 3 acts and worms, Paris, French Theater, February 16th, 1839;
Fables (1843);
Michel Brémond , drama in 5 acts, worms, Paris, Theater of the Door Saint Martin's day, March 7th, 1846;
Epistles and satires, followed by a historical Precis on the satire among all people (1847);
the Race with the heritage , comedy in 5 acts, worms, Paris, second Th3e4atre Fran1cais (Odéon), April 29th, 1847;
the oak and its commensaux , fable (1849);
the 0s to corrode (1849);
the Young aunt , comedy in 3 acts and worms (1854);
Arbogaste , tragedy on Arbogast (general Roman) in 5 acts (1859);
Richelieu , drama in 5 acts in prose (1859);
Selma , drama in 1 act, worms, Paris, Theater of Odéon, May 14th, 1859;
Franciade , poem in ten songs (1863);
History of the pontifical power (1866, 2 vol.), directed against the temporal power of the popes;
Memories of the military life of Jean Pons Guillaume Viennet, of the French Academy (1777-1819) , prefaced and annotated by Misters Albert Depréaux and Pierre Jourda (1929);
Newspaper of Viennet, par of France, witness of three reigns, 1817-1848 . Preface and postface by the duke of the Force (1955).

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