Jean-Marie Le Pen

See also: Le Pen

Jean-Marie Le Pen , born the June 20th 1928 with the Trinité-sur-Mer (Morbihan), is a Politician French of Extrême right-hand side (or “national line”, according to its own expression), resulting from the currents poujadists. He is president of the National front (FN) since the foundation of the party.

Biography

Origins, studies and family

Jean-Marie Louis Le Pen is the son of Jean Le Pen, skipper, and of Anne-Marie Herve, dressmaker and girl of peasants. To differentiate it from his/her father, his parents called it “Jeanjean”. All its family is primarily originating in the Département of Morbihan. The word PEN means in Breton “head”, from where its nickname of “Menhir”. Jean-Marie Le Pen becomes War orphan: the boat in which his/her father having run up against was a mine in 1942 (its name is reproduced besides on the war memorial of the Trinité-sur-Mer).

In November 1944, 16 years, he asks the colonel Henri of Vaissière (alias Valin ) to engage in the FFI (French Forces of the interior), which prefers to refuse: “From now on, order is given to make sure that our volunteers are 18 years old completed well. You are war orphan: think of your mother! ”. The young person Jean Marie nevertheless would have belonged to a die of exfiltration of allied aviators.

He is pupil with the college Jesuit Saint François Xavier with Vannes, then with the college of Lorient. He enters then to the Faculty of Law of Paris, where he sells with shouted the newspaper French Action, Aspects of France . He is graduate higher learning of political sciences and bachelor of law. He was president of the students in right of Paris then, thereafter, honorary president of the “Corpo”, of 1949 with 1951. Whereas it begins in policy, it makes change its first name of Jean into a Jean-Marie, by amalgamating her the first two first names. The reason of this change varies according to the sources, some tell that it would have made it to pay homage to his father. The report for the diploma of higher learning of political sciences, written in 1971, presented by Jean-Marie Le Pen and Jean-Wolf Vincent is entitled the anarchistic Current in France since 1945 .

It holds part of its inheritance of the sale of the company of Lambert cement factory, which bequeaths to him by will Hubert Lambert (heir to Lambert cements, deceased without child at the age of 42 years and author of very many articles in various nationalist reviews). This succession gives place to a beginning of legal proceedings, which are abandoned after negotiation with the Lambert cousins. This fortune the met with the shelter of the need and assistance its political ascendance at the end of the Years 1970. It drew until there its incomes from the phonographic editions from the Serp. It is fixed with the STF since the creation of this tax. The gifts with the political parties (as of the heritage S) are addressed to an association of financing. Jean-Marie Le Pen is condemned in 1997 not to have applied this law to all the gifts. It is a time vice-president of the Committee Pierre de Coubertin, and exerts the trades of sailor-fisherman, underground worker, quantity surveyor of apartments, peddler of the postal and telecommunications authorities…

In January 1953, it organizes a rescue party of students voluntary to carry assistance to the populations disaster victims during floods to the Netherlands. It receives for this initiative the public and political support of Vincent Auriol. He is then president of Corpo Droit to the Université Paris II and represents this faculty at the time of various congresses of the UNEF where its qualities of speaker are noticed. In 1955, he is the acting general of the Union of defense of French youth.

Jean-Marie Le Pen is a former soldier of the wars of Indo-China and Algérie. It arrives to Indo-China in 1955, after the end of the engagements, where it serves as second lieutenant in the 1 {{er}} foreign Bataillon parachutist. He is there, inter alia, journalist with Caravelle , the body of the French task force (1955). At that time, it shows already its taste for the provocation, the anti-intellectualism and for the safeguarding of manners: “The France is controlled by pederasts: Sartre, Camus, Mauriac” ( the Express train , March 18th 1955).

Located by Pierre Poujade, he is elected appointed of Paris in 1956 under the colors of the Union and French fraternity (UFF). At twenty-seven years, he is the youngest deputy of the National Assembly. He will be excluded from the UFF in 1957. This same year, he becomes general secretary of the National front of the Combatants (FNC). For this reason, it supports the candidature of a French of Moslem confession, Ahmed Djebbour, which is elected.

The following year, he is re-elected appointed of Paris Ve and adheres to the parliamentary group of the National center of independent and country (CNI) chaired by Antoine Pinay. He is at that time rapporteur of the budget of the Guerre to the National Assembly and of defense to the Sénat of the community. He will leave thereafter the benches of the National Assembly and goes voluntary to fight for the defense of the French Algérie.

It was shown in years 1980 to have practiced the Torture during this war, without however that its indicters (of which some were condemned for slandering) could bring the proof of their assertions.

He takes part later in the Franco-British operation of Suez. Jean-Marie Le Pen is decorated with the Cross of the military value. It estimates that its political commitment is founded on the love of the people and the fatherland. Beaten in 1962, Jean-Marie Le Pen creates a company of phonographic edition, Serp (Survey firm and public relations), specialized in the edition of songs and historical speeches. He becomes the campaign director of Jean-Louis Tixier-Vignancour, candidate with the presidential election of 1965.

In January 1971, its recording company (Serp) publishes a disc entitled IIIe Reich. Voice and songs of the German Revolution , like inter alia the songs of the Red Army or the speeches with the Communist leaders, like Lénine, and a disc of Israeli songs. One of these discs is worth to him a judgment in 1971 for “apology for war crimes”. In 1972, it has to chair the young person National front (left created by new Ordre, in order to widen its electoral field) and continues its combat for its nationalist ideas. The electoral results of the National front are in constant rise since the municipal elections of 1983, with Dreux in particular.

Up to now titular of extremely weak scores at the time of the polls, the strong electoral push of Jean-Pierre Stirbois in Dreux in 1983 (16,7%) then a mediatization of its speech following this opening (invitation by Europe 1, radio deprived, with the autumn 1983, then on Antenne 2, public television channel, in February 1984, in particular with the Hour of truth ) the assistance to acquire a dimension which it had never reached before, which leads to the national score of 10,95% of the list that it leads to the European elections of June 1984 (he will be re-elected in 1989, 1994, 1999 and 2004). The right must position compared to Jean-Marie Le Pen, unheard of situation since 1967 - 1968, because it integrated since the essence the national line in its rows. (A certain number of the executives of the FN comes from the right parties, or worked with them, in particular Bruno Gollnisch, Gabriel Domenech, Jean-Marie Le Chevallier, Jean-Yves Gallou, Bruno Mégret, or Michel de Rostolan.)

In 1992 and 1998, it is elected with the District council Provence-Alp-Coast of Azure. It meets the most success in areas like the east and south-east of France. These results are explained partly by many social strains, related to the presence of important communities of Maghrebian origin; but of strong results are also recorded in very easy communes like Cagnes-on-sea or in rural environment, however saved by immigration. End 1998, a scission with Bruno Mégret handicaps the National front which loses many its frameworks and of the thousands of members. The FN falls to 6% with the European elections of 1999 and obtains only 6 seats.

By a decree of March 31st, 2000, the Prime Minister notes that the ineligibility of Le Pen, marked the complementary November 17th 1998 as sorrow by the Court of Appeal of Versailles (8th room), puts an end to its mandate of representative in the European Parliament. By a stop of October 6th, 2000, the Council of State rejects the recourse of Le Pen against this decree. The president of the European Parliament having, on October 23rd, 2000, taken act of the forfeiture of the mandate of Le Pen, Le Pen disputes the decision of the president in front of the Community jurisdictions: it obtains initially the stay of execution of this decision, but its recourse to the bottom are then rejected.

Of its first marriage with Lalanne Pebble (born in 1935), married the June 29th 1960 with Paris (VIII {{E}} district), and which he divorces the March 18th 1987, he had three girls (Marie-Caroline, Yann, Marine) who gave him nine grandchildren. Young person of his/her daughters, Marine Le Pen, is member of the Political office of the National front and one of its vice-presidents since April 2003 (following the Congress of Nice). Jean-Marie Le Pen remarie with Rueil-Malmaison the May 31st 1991 with Jany Paschos born in 1932, divorced the Belgian business man Jean Garnier and girl of a Greek merchant of tables and a mother of origin Dutchwoman.

Political course

A progressive rise

Multiple candidatures for the presidential elections

It presents to the presidential elections 1974, 1988, 1995, 2002 and 2007 (in 1981, it cannot be presented, fault of having obtained sponsorships necessary), by professing ideas Nationalistes, of which some regarded by its adversaries as xenophobes and/or extremists: In 1988, between the two turns of the presidential election, via Pierre de Bénouville, it would have discreetly met Jacques Chirac, which the latter denies since always. The two men go a notorious hatred which goes back to this moment. A photograph showing Chirac and Le Pen, in bathing suits, tightening the hand at the time of a fortuitous meeting on a holiday place, was exploited by the president of the FN in his spots of countryside in 2002.

In 2002

See also: French presidential Election of 2002

At the time of the presidential election of 2002, whereas it had encountered difficulties of joining together 500 sponsorships necessary to stand as a candidate and that its party remained in the shade since its scission of 1998, it obtains 16,86% of the voices. That allows him, not only because of a scattering of the voices of left on a great number of candidates of the first turn but especially because of a weak mobilization of the left voters, to take part in the second round against Jacques Chirac, which it loses with 17,79% of the voices. This election constitutes an significant event in the French political life insofar as it is the first time that a candidate of Extrême right-hand side passes the first turn of a presidential election. The traditional debate of between-two-turns between the two candidates present at the second turn did not take place, its adversary having refused to discuss with him on line on the television channels.

In 2007

See also: French presidential Election of 2007

For the presidential election and legislative of 2007, Jean-Marie Le Pen launched a call to various parties and currents political to constitute a “patriotic union” according to the following terms: “I renew my call to the patriotic union, of which naturally I will take the head since I am best placed of all the candidates who claim national line to carry it. ”

It is a question for him of avoiding a dispersion prejudicial of the voices such as that which led to the elimination of Lionel Jospin as of the 1st turn of the presidential election of 2002.

Bruno Mégret president of the National republican movement (MNR), as well as the Populist party answered this call favorably. On the other hand, Philippe de Villiers president of the Mouvement for France (MPF) declined the offer evoking even an admission of weakness on behalf of the president of the National front.

Jean-Marie Le Pen frequently evokes the difficulties which it would test to obtain 500 sponsorships of necessary elected officials to the validation of his candidature. He denounces in particular the publication of the lists of godfathers.

The December 20th 2006, Bruno Mégret announces officially his support for the candidature of the president of the National front, at the time of a press conference in company of this one, and seal a “personal and political reconciliation”.

The economic program of this countryside is entrusted to Jean-Richard Sulzer, general secretary of group FN at the district council of Ile-de-France, professor of management to the university Paris-Dauphine and former centrist close to Edgar Faure and Raymond Barre.

The score of Le Pen to the first turn of the presidential election of 2007 (3 834.530 voters and 10,44% of the voices) moved back considerably compared to the preceding election of this type, not allowing him this time to reach the second turn. May 1st, at the time of her traditional intervention after the procession of the National front in homage to Jeanne d' Arc, Jean-Marie Le Pen invites her voters “to abstain from massively” with the second turn, qualifying the choice between the two candidates of choice between “pink bonnet and pink bonnet”.

After the election of Nicolas Sarkozy with the presidency of the Republic, the president of the National front, Jean-Marie Le Pen, estimated that “the voters will have the president whom they deserve”. According to him, “France voted against a new socialist catastrophe”, but it immediately disqualified the new president, estimating that it will have “less to be able that the governor of one of the States of the United States”. According to TNS-Sofres, only 19% of the voters of Jean-Marie Le Pen would have followed her instruction of abstention. A figure disputed by the president of the FN: “according to what I have at my disposal, the number of blank votes and null has triplet”, it estimated.

The question of the succession

Evoking the implicit competition between Bruno Gollnisch and Marine Le Pen in the optics of her succession, Jean-Marie Le Pen declared, in a maintenance with the Figaro of the November 6th 2004:
“the succession is not open. There are perhaps people who in the evening put pins in headstocks of voodoo while thinking of me. But for the moment, I do not feel out of combat nor out of situation. ”

It also confirmed, on this occasion, that it had undergone, before and during the countryside for the presidential election of 2002, a treatment to fight against a Cancer localized of the prostate, and that it from now on would be cured by it. Its only health issue being limited at that time, according to him, to a osteoarthritis of the hip being able to force it with a “banal operation”.

Standpoint

Polemical remarks

  • “I do not have anything to hide. I tortured because it had to be done. When you are brought somebody who has just posed twenty bombs which can explode from one moment to another and which he does not want to speak, it is necessary to employ exceptional means for forcing there. It is that which refuses there which is the criminal because it has on the hands the blood of tens of victims whose death could have been avoided. ” Jean-Marie Le Pen in a maintenance granted to the daily newspaper Combat , the November 9th 1962. It rather moderated its remarks the following day November 10th in the daily newspaper speaking about “methods of constraints” than of tortures.
  • “do we Believe in so far as the Anarchisme will triumph like revolutionary force and will build the company dreamed by Proudhon and its disciples? Not. We are more close believing than the vocation of anarchism is at the same time deeper and more durable. The defense of the man, his personality, now, tomorrow and always and in all conceivable shapes of company. Never the task will be completed, the task of anarchism, it is to defend the individual of its cancellation in the community but by knowing that the tension will always remain. ” (extracted from its report of of political sciences the anarchistic Current in France since 1945 , 1971).
  • Evoking the patients of the AIDS during the emission of Antenna 2 the Hour of truth , the May 6th 1987, it declares: “The sidaïques ones, while breathing of the virus by all the pores, blame the balance of the nation. (…) The sidaïque one, - if you want, I employ this word, it is a neologism, it is not very beautiful but I do not know of it an other -, that one, it should well be said, is contagious by its perspiration, its tears, its saliva, its contact. It is a species of leprous, if you want”;
  • a scandal bursts when he declares the September 13rd 1987, with the Grand Jury RTL it Monde, in connection with the dispute, by Négationniste S, use by the Nazis of gas chambers homicides: “I did not study in particular the question but I believe that it is a point of detail of the history of the Second world war”. Its argumentation will rest later, in particular at the time of the press conference of the September 18th to the National Assembly, on the fact that these gas chambers are not the only place where people lost the life during the Second world war and, which more is, would not be mentioned in the Mémoires over the Second world war of Winston Churchill (Plon, 1953), not that it had not mentioned at the time;
  • the September 2nd 1988, at the time of the Summer school of the National front to the Cape of Agde, it declared: “Mr Durafour and Dumoulin, obscure Minister for the opening in which it immediately disappeared besides, declared: " we must be combined with the municipal elections, including with the Communist party, because the Communist party, loses voices to him while the extreme line does not cease gaining… " of it; Durafour-crematory Mr., thank you for this consent. ” Before, Michel Durafour had declared at the time of a passage to the radio: “We want to make disappear Jean-Marie Le Pen from the political life”. The main argument of defense will be that a similar pun (“chief OAS of Oran… Crematory Dufour”) was appeared previously in the Canard connected of the June 27th 1962, without starting of similar polemic.
  • the March 18th 1991, commenting on its judgment for “vulgarizing of crimes against humanity” and “assent with horrible”, it declares: “The politicians " internazis" Socialists, corrupted and hypocrites of the PS, and in the forefront François Mitterrand, are not satisfied with détrousser the State and the citizens. ” ( Le Monde , March 20th 1991)
  • “Which is necessary that I make not to be racist? To marry Black? With the AIDS, if possible? ” ( Le Monde , April 22nd 1997)
  • Another matter, not relayed, concerned in 2001 the fiftieth birthday of ECSC: “Let us note that fifty years after the creation of this organization, one makes so to speak any more neither of steel coal nor in Europe. Here is the brilliance result of the European institutions”, was ironical it.
  • On the homosexual : “The law (…) does not have to legislate with the profit of lobbies organized (…) applicant to impose their behaviors deviating in normative social model. I am thus completely unfavourable with the adoption of children by homosexual couples. ” (March 25th 2002)
  • In connection with the installation of the CFCM: “Sarkozy wants enculter the Moslems. ” (allotted remarks in petto , in 2003)
  • the February 20th 2007, at the time of the congress of the National federation of hunting, it is ironical about the homosexual ones by comparing them to capons: “In the Marsh of Paris, one can drive out the capon without date of opening or closing, but in the marsh of Picardy, one cannot drive out the duck in February. ”

Some reproach him its oratorical overflows, its references to the French history, as well as comments judged on various racist occasions and anti-semites: he for certain is condemned, for others released. He often calls upon that this form of expression is for him the only means of being made hear, his remarks not being according to him never retransmis by the media but when that those estimate, wrongly or rightly, capacity to make use of it against him.

Its partisans underline as for them that its team comprises people of various origins, of Jewish confession like Jean-Pierre Cohen, of Maghrebian origin like Farid Smahi, or West-Indian like Huguette Fatna. They also affirm that part of the Jewish community of France would have approached its ideas, feeling a pressure of the Antisémitisme in France for which the responsibility would be to partly charge to the Moslem Immigration that Jean-Marie Le Pen estimates responsible for many evils.

“Lepénisation of the spirits”

This political Néologisme indicates “acceptance and the progressive appropriation by the public of whole or part of the topics developed by Jean-Marie Le Pen”. One of the first occurrences appears in the letters to the Editor of the daily newspaper Le Monde , edition dated from the June 22nd 1996. The first politician to be used this term was Robert Badinter the February 4th 1997 at the time of the parliamentary debate in connection with the law Debré on the Immigration.

Lawsuit

Judgments

Until April 2007, Jean-Marie Le Pen was condemned 25 times.

  • January 1960: condemned for death threats uttered against a police superintendent ( Le Monde , January 21st 1992).

  • April 27th 1964: condemned for blows and voluntary wounds ( Le Monde , January 21st, 1992).
  • January 16th 1969: condemned to three months from suspended sentence and 20.000 F of damages for blows and voluntary wounds by the Court of Bankruptcy of Paris ( Le Monde , January 21st, 1992).
  • January 14th 1971: recognized guilty by the Court of appeal of “Apology for War crime”. The small pocket of a disc published by Serp affirmed: “The rise towards the capacity of Adolf Hitler and the Party national-Socialist was characterized by a powerful movement of mass, altogether popular and democratic, since he triumphed following regular elections, generally forgotten circumstance. ” (“justice has several times condemned the chief of the FN for racist remarks or anti-semites”, Le Monde , April 24th 2002). The Court writes that “the whole of this publication was likely to encourage any reader to carry a moral value judgment favorable to the leaders of the party German national-Socialist and constituted a test of justification at least partial of their crimes” (Martine Aubry and Olivier Duhamel, Petit dictionary to fight against the extreme line , ED. threshold, 1995, article “Justice”).
  • March 11th 1986: condemned to frank the symbolic system by the court of Aubervilliers for “insidious anti-semitism” (“justice has several times condemned the chief of the FN for racist remarks or anti-semites”, Le Monde , April 24th, 2002). The sorrow is confirmed in call on July 9th. Jean-Marie Le Pen had violently been caught some with Jewish journalists or of Jewish ascent: “I dedicate your reception to Jean-François Kahn, with Jean Daniel, Yvan Levaï, Elkabbach, all the liars of the press of this country. These people-there are the shame of their profession. Mr Lustiger will forgive me this moment of anger, since even Jesus knew it when it drove out the merchants of the temple, which we will do for our country. ” And it granted to them like extenuating circumstance “to have learned French only recently”.
  • March 27th 1986: recognized guilty of apology for war crimes of which deportation for the edition of a disc on which one can hear “an anthem of the Nazi party” and “Vive Hitler”.
  • November 16th 1987: condemned to 3.000 F of fine and 8.000 F of damages to pour in Mrap for “provocation with hatred, discrimination and racial violence” by the Court of Paris following the distribution of a leaflet at the time of the municipal elections of 1983. Condemned at the time of the same lawsuit with 5.000 F of fine for “provocation to discrimination, hatred or racial violence” for its remarks during television program of the February 14th 1984, according to which “the world islamo-Arabic” would constitute a “mortal danger”. Sorrows confirmed by the Court of Appeal of Paris (11th room) the March 29th 1989.
    • June 8th 1993: Cassation partial of the stop of the Court of Appeal of Paris of March 29th, 1989 in its provisions carrying penal and civil judgments of the chief of the offense of provocation with racial discrimination (judgment relating to the remarks made during the television program). For the Court of Appeal, Le Pen stresses the " world islamo-Arabic which currently penetrates in our pays" and the " danger mortel" for French to see " thus; colonisés" ; that such remarks are likely to create in the spirit of French the idea that they are threatened in their identity even by the presence on their territory of Moslems coming from the third world, to give birth to towards this determined group, at a rate of its religion of the reactions of rejection and to even cause discriminatory acts of violence whereas for the Court of appeal, the expressions reproached to the applicant did not designate any person or any group of people other than of the unspecified foreign populations, were likely to incite the public neither with hatred, neither with violence, nor with racial discrimination and had not exceeded the limits of the right to the free expression on phenomenon of immigration, the Court of Appeal denatured the accused remarks and makes a false application of article 24 subparagraph 6 of the law of July 29th, 1881
  • January 1991: condemned by the Court of Bankruptcy of Lyon, for “obviously illicit disorder with the law and order”, to withdraw all its posters and all its leaflets referring to the AIDS. The Court of Appeal of Lyon the judgment for “use of the AIDS term to stigmatize the immigration which would represent a danger as serious as the disease conflicts intolerable with the dignity of the patients, who are entitled to the respect and solidarity and also an intolerable attack to dignity of the immigrant populations”.
  • March 18th 1991: condemned by the Court of Appeal of Versailles for “vulgarizing of crimes against humanity” and “assent to horrible” to have declared: I am posed a certain number of questions. And I do not say that the gas chambers did not exist. I could not myself see some. I did not study in particular the question. But I believe that it is a point of detail of the history of the Second world war. If, it is a point of detail on the level of the war! Do you want to say to me that it is a revealed truth to which everyone must believe? What it is a moral obligation? I say that there are historians who discuss these questions. Jean-Marie Le Pen must pour 10 F with the MRAP, 100.000 F with nine other associations being carried civil parts. It must make publish the judgment with its expenses in five national daily newspapers, to the amount of 15.000 F, and in five weekly magazines, to the amount of 30.000 F. Moreover Mr. Le Pen is condemned at the expense, and must pour, in accordance with article 700 of the code of civil procedure, 1.000 F with each of ten associations (“the business of the " not détail" - The Court of Appeal of Versailles worsens the sorrows pronounced against Mr. Le Pen”, Le Monde , March 20th, 1991).
  • May 27th 1992: condemned for “slandering” by the Court of Bankruptcy of Paris to 1 F symbolic system of damages to Jean-Christophe Cambadélis. Jean-Marie Le Pen had qualified the deputy PS of “former - or always - trotskist, and friend of the German terrorist organizations” ( Le Monde , June 7th, 1992).
  • June 3rd 1993: condemned to 10.000 francs of fine by the Court of Appeal of Paris “public insult” in the Minister for the Public office of the time, Michel Durafour, called “Durafour-crematory Mister” ( Le Monde , June 5th, 1993). December 7th of the same year, the Court of appeal rejected its appeal.
  • November 8th 1995: condemned to a rectification of 1,4 franc million for “lapses of memory of stock exchange appreciation and undervaluation of rent”.
  • November 15th 1996: condemned the Court of Bankruptcy of Mount-with-Marsan to 10.000 F of damages to have held of the matter “seriously having carried reached” with the president of the court of Auch ( Le Monde , November 17th, 1996).
  • January 6th 1997: condemned to 6.000 F of fine and 1 F symbolic system of damages by the first civil court of the Court of Bankruptcy of Strasbourg to have qualified association Close-cropped the face of “movement of killers of cops” ( Le Monde , January 10th, 1997).
  • July 4th 1997: condemned to 5.000 F of fine by the 17th room of the Court of Bankruptcy of Paris, to have treated the president of S.O.S-Racism, Fodé Sylla, of “large insane zebu” at the time of a press conference ( Le Monde , July 6th, 1997).
  • December 26th 1997: condemned to 300.000 F of consignment for diffusion of the judgment in newspapers, to pour between frank a symbolic system and 5.000 F of damages to eleven associations plaintiffs, and to pay their court fees by the Court of Bankruptcy of Nanterre for “vulgarizing of crimes against humanity, assent with horrible”, to have said at the time of a press conference in company of Franz Schönhuber, on December 5th 1997 with Munich that “in a book of thousand pages over the Second world war, the concentration camps occupy two pages and the gas chambers ten to fifteen lines, what is called a detail”. September 10th, 1999, the Court of Appeal of Versailles confirms the sorrow ( Le Monde , September 15th, 1999).
  • April 2nd 1998: condemned to two years of ineligibility (tiny rooms to one year by the Court of Appeal, which adds 8000 F of fine) and three months of suspended sentence by the Magistrates' court of Versailles for “violences in meeting” and “public insults” (facts requalified by the Court of Appeal in “violences on anybody agent of the public authority in the performance of its duties”) to have attacked the mayor and socialist candidate Annette Peulvast-Bergeal (who carried his scarf of elected) at the time of the legislative ones of 1997 (“the Court of Appeal of Versailles condemns Jean-Marie Le Pen to one year of ineligibility”, It World , November 19th, 1998; “Half-leniency to Le Pen”, Humanity , November 18th, 1998). One year later, the Court of appeal rejected its appeal (“Le Pen condemned, Annette Peulvast “happy””, Mail of Mantes , December 2nd, 1999).
  • September 9th 1998: condemned to frank the symbolic system to have presented a head out of paperboard to the effigy of Catherine Trautmann at the time of a meeting of the National front in May 1996. The court speaks about “setting in scene macabre and shocking evoking the image of the setting to died by decapitation aiming in a manner certainly symbolic system but intolerable to elimination of the interested party”, and estimates that “the aggressiveness of this setting in scene is likely to cause towards Catherine Trautmann a climate of hostility exceeding the acceptable limits of a debate of opinion in an democratic society” ( Le Monde , October 1st, 1998).
  • November 1998: condemned by the Court of Bankruptcy of Nanterre with 10.000 F of damages to the Union of the Jewish students of France to have declared “I believe in the inequality of the races”, at the time of the summer school of the FN, on August 30th, 1996 ( Le Monde , November 27th, 1998).
  • June 10th 1999: condemned to 12.000 DM (approximately 6.000 €) of fine by the magistrates' court of Munich for incentive to the racial hate and apology for war crime, i.e. “the point of detail” (MRAP, April 2002)
  • February 24th 2003: The Court of Appeal of Paris confirmed Thursday, February 24 the judgment of Jean-Marie Le Pen to 10.000 euros of fine for incentive to the racial hate, for remarks on the Moslems published in Le Monde of April 19th, 2003.
  • April 2nd 2004: The magistrates' court of Paris condemned Jean-Marie Le Pen to 10.000 euros of fine for provocation to the racial hate, because of remarks made the previous year in an interview with the daily newspaper Le Monde (it had declared “the day in particular when we will have in France, either 5 million but 25 million Moslems, it is them which will order. And the French will shave the walls, will go down from the pavements by lowering the eyes. ”). Jean-Marie Le Pen will have to also pour 5.000 euros of damages to the League of the human rights and the same sum to the international League against the racism and the anti-semitism (Licra), which had left civil. Decision which will be confirmed on May 11th, 2006 by the court of criminal appeal of the court of appeal.
  • the president of the FN was also condemned to pour 5.000 euros of damages to the LDH, civil part ( Le Monde , dated from the February 25th 2005).

Judgment, releases and lawsuits gained

Since 1982, Jean-Marie obtained 23 times win and summer condemned in 2003.

Anecdotes

Jean-Marie Le Pen would have gradually lost her left eye following a cataract traumatic, consecutive with an electoral brawl on March 28th 1958, where it defended Ahmed Djebbour. The photographs of the time state however that it had been wounded with the right eye, carrying a stringcourse on this eye lasting some time, but without losing the use of it. According to certain versions, Jean-Marie Le Pen would have become blind later of the left eye following a disease. It is in any case on the left eye that it will carry a stringcourse during the Années 1970. Contrary to certain rumors, Jean-Marie Le Pen does not carry a glass eye.

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