Jean-Marie Collot d\' Herbois

Jean-Marie Collot, known as Collot d' Herbois , born with Paris the June 19th 1749, died in Cayenne (Guyana) the June 8th 1796, appointed of Paris to the national Convention. He will vote the death of Louis XVI.

Biography

Before the Revolution

Jean-Marie Collot is wire of a Parisian Orfèvre. One knows little thing about his first années ; it seems however that his/her parents knew financial problems, perhaps even a rupture.

At the 18 years age, it began a career of Acteur, adopting of Herbois like name of scene. He played then through France and even Europe, of 1767 with 1784. He occurred in particular with Avignon, Toulouse, Bordeaux, Nantes, Caen, Angers, Nancy, Marseilles, Antwerp, $the Hague and finally Lyon. Arrived at Lyon in 1782 to play there the first roles, it left this city two years to later take the direction of the Théâtre of Geneva. Of return to Lyon in 1787, it directed there the theater until the Lent of 1789.

As from 1772, he wrote parts, which he signed of his patronym joined with his name of scène : Collot d' Herbois . Some of its parts were a certain success. It ceased however writing when it took an use of direction, probably rather heavy.

It returned to Paris in 1789, settling with the village of Chaillot.

During the Revolution

The political career of Collot d' Herbois started with its participation in the Club of the Jacobins. It was illustrated by taking part in spring 1791 with the defense of Swiss of Châteauvieux, shown mutiny. With the autumn 1791, it gained a contest organized by the Jacobins to publish an almanac intended to explain the revolutionary ideas with the paysannerie : it is the Almanac of the Father Gerard , who gains an unquestionable success of diffusion.

Perhaps very popular at the Jacobins and the cordeliers, he played a part with the Commune and in the day of the August 10th, 1792. He was the third elected official of Paris to the national Convention and sat on the benches Montagnard S. He voted the death of Louis XVI and chaired the assembly from June 13rd to June 27th 1793. He made vote the Loi on the monopolization on July 26th, 1793.

Partisan of the Terror, it entered to the Comité of Public Hello on September 6th 1793 at the same time as Billaud-Game preserve. Sent on mission to the autumn 1793, it ordered with Fouché, Albitte and Laporte the reprisals against the federalistic revolt with Lyon. They established a committee of demolition there, at the same time as a revolutionary commission and a committee of sequestration. The ramparts and more than two hundred houses of Lyon were demolished. The Terreur reigned in the city, where the commission of justice multiplied the death sentences. The gun and the shooting were even temporarily preferred with the guillotine, considered to be too slow.

The Thermidor 9, it chaired the national Convention and was one of the craftsmen, with Billaud-Game preserve, Tallien and Fréron, of the decree of arrest against both Robespierre, Saint-Just, Bottom and Couthon. It is perhaps with him that Robespierre launched this famous apostrophe: “Will you give Me the word, chair assassins? ”.

After Thermidor, Jean-Marie Collot-with Herbois was however put in charge, like other members of the Comité of Public Hello and Committee of General security, on denunciation in particular of Lecointre. He is issued of arrest then condemned to the deportation in Guyana under the terms of the decree of the 12 germinal year III (April 1st, 1795) and was embarked at the same time as Billaud-Game preserve the 7 meadow year III (May 26th, 1795) ; Barère and Vadier, also condemned, was not off-set. He died of one fever at the hospital of Cayenne the 20 meadow year IV (June 8th, 1796).

Somewhat after its death, it is unearthed by Guianese which, hostile with its policy under Terror, cut out its body and give it to eat with the dogs.

Some of its works

the Benefit
Good Angevin or Homage of the heart
the patriotic Family
Lucie or imprudent Parents
the Peasant magistrate
Socrate
generous Truth or the Good marriages
the almanac of the Father Gerard (Paris, 1791). New edition under the title New Year's gifts with the friends of the French Constitution, or talks of the Gerard Father with his fellow-citizens (Paris, 1792)

References

Michel Biard, Collot d' Herbois: black legends and Revolution , Lyon, University Presses of Lyon, 1995. ISBN 2729705120

External bond

Its parts and their representations on site CÉSAR

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