Jean-Henri Fabre

Biography

Awakening with nature: an early autodidact

Raised by his/her grandparents paternels in the small farm of Malaval, it is in the Rouergue that Jean-Henri very early discovers realities of a nature which sharpens its spirit of observation.

Of return to the village of Saint-Léons at the seven years age, it is very eager to be informed in all the fields. He learns how to read and write in a barn transformed into class, surrounded by animals of farmyard. Its more invaluable school tool is alphabetical illustrated by animals than had offered to him his/her father, Antoine Fabre.

The professional vexations of this last, peasant become café owner, will stop unceasingly his schooling, kind Fabre with being Autodidacte as of the 10 years age! As of 1833 and during the six following years, the rural migration will push the family with Rodez, Aurillac, Toulouse, Montpellier, Pierrelatte and finally Avignon. Brilliance raises with the college Royal of Rodez, it learns from Latin enough and Greek to impassion itself for the authors of the antiquity, on which it will build its scientific step. It especially affectionate Virgile, in which he discovers a poet enthusiast, like him, of nature.

In Montpellier, fourteen years old, it is tried by the Médecine but must give up it to help his parents, being made engage that and there like operation, salesman or gatherer of fruits. After a passage to the small Esquille seminar of Toulouse, it is only in Avignon that it will be able to benefit from three years of uninterrupted teaching to the Teacher training school teachers. In 1840, having learned that an entrance examination recruited pupils teachers for this school, it is authorized to take part in it. Receipt first in the capacity as stock exchange boarder, here it is, at seventeen years, finally ensured of the lodging, the cover and the “bread of the spirit”. It obtains the “higher Patent” in 1842, with one year in advance on the usual cycle.

Carpentras: the teacher scholar

Of 1842 with 1849, it is Instituteur at the additional elementary school of the Collège of Carpentras. October 30th 1844 it marries a Resident of Carpentras, Marie-Césarine Villard, who will give him five children.

Choked by the teaching of the time, which it describes as prison, it makes profitable leniency climate of the area to encourage teaching there in the open air. In its rage to learn, it devotes all its spare time to the preparation of new diplomas, while undertaking various research, in particular in Entomologie. It obtains in 1844 the baccalaureat be-letters, in 1846 the baccalaureat in mathematics, 1847 the license of mathematical sciences and in 1848 the license of physical sciences.

Fabre had endorsed the precept of Plato: “That no one does not enter here if he is not geometrician. ” Between twenty and thirty years, it is subjugated by the Mathématiques and in particular the ellipse, the hyperbole, the tangent S, the Analytical mechanics , the Infinitesimal calculus. He for which the number was impresses of poetry, went until him to devote a Ode, Arithmos .

One of the remarkable features of its personality, in addition to a great insurance and intuition, is certainly the audacity: a pupil having asked him for particular lessons of Algebra, it decides to learn this unknown discipline from him at the same time as it teaches it.

Lastly, allured by the Botanical richness and entomological of the Provence, it is devoted again to its passion of the insects and begins a career of “historian of the animals. ” Its meeting with a Cerceris with the hollow of a way suddenly starts this dash naturalist and this sensitivity to the nature which brings it closer to its admirors of the Far East.

Ajaccio (1849-1852): blossoming of the naturalist

Installed with his wife with Ajaccio in January 1849, Fabre, which teaches now physics and chemistry in the secondary classes, profits from a clear improvement of its work conditions. Equipped with solids diplomas, the young professor will open out and ingénier to wake up the curiosity of his pupils.

Much more, the discovery of Corsican nature and the Mediterranean Civilization will fill the desires of the naturalist and will offer an unequalled field of investigation to him. Jean-Henri and Marie-Césarine multiply the excursions, discover the richness of the fauna Mollusque S, and collect many Espèce S of marine, terrestrial shells or of fresh water. Fabre joins together the elements for a Conchyliologie of Corsica . This work of inventories and descriptions of molluscs and shells, joining together knowledge of Linné, Lamarck and many other scientists, is enriched by a crowd of notes and observations personal and original. It will however never be published, the brevity of its stay not enabling him to complete it.

Under the crook of Spirit Requien (1788-1851), which lived Bonifacio, it piles up the rare plants and, benefitting from school vacations to herborize, constitutes a imposing Herbier. Their joint project to carry out a Flore of Corsica will be destroyed by sudden death and premature famous naturalist inhabitant of Avignon, carried by a stroke in May 1851.

On the recommendation of Requien, Fabre offered hospitality, the following year, to the Zoologiste montpelliérain Moquin-Tendon (1801-1863), because Corsica offered also a great wealth of Araignée S, Insecte S, Crustacé S and Reptile S. Membre of several Academies, Moquin-Tendon, which moreover was very cultivated in literature and poet, will have a determining influence in the choice of the career naturalist of Fabre. It gave him, says it, “ only and memorable lesson of Natural history which I ever received in my life ” by dissecting a Escargot with only two needles to be sewn, before pronouncing the famous sentence which was right of its hesitations: “ Leave your mathematics there. Come to the animal, with the plant; and if you have, as it seems to me, some heat in the veins, you will find who will listen to you. ”

In spite of the ideal conditions that Corsica offered to him, several reasons encouraged Fabre to require its return on the continent: accesses of Paludisme which it had contracted while herborizing required a healthier climate; the professor salaries of the College had been reduced by half and the pulpit of physics was likely to be removed; finally, he wanted to prepare a doctorate or aggregation.

Avignon (1853-1871): the research professor

Provided from now on solids knowledge and having chosen to direct itself towards research in ethology of the insects , science of manners of the insects, Fabre return from Corsica in January 1853. It is named professor with the imperial college of Avignon where it will teach during eighteen years physics and chemistry. It approaches thus his parents, finally installed durably, in the suburbs of Avignon, with the farm of Roberty.

The following year, in July 1854, it is received with the license are Natural science with the congratulations of the jury; determining success which opens to him the way of the Doctorat or of the aggregation. Renonçant with back-plate with the aggregation, which would have prevented it from beginning in a personal research, Fabre prepares a doctorate. Its principal subject of thesis was entitled Recherche on the anatomy of the reproductive bodies and the development of the myriapodes , and its secondary subject, bearing on botany, Recherche on the tubers of Himantoglossum Hircinum . In 1855, it supports its thesis with Paris in front of a jury made up of two professors to the national Muséum of natural history, Henri Milne-Edwards (1800-1885) and Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (1805-1861), and Botaniste Jean-Baptiste Payer (1818-1860).

The same year, its Study on the instinct and the metamorphoses of the sphégiens obtains the “honourable” ranking with the contest for the Prix Montyon of Physiologie, decreed by the Academy of Science. Starting from 1856, Fabre multiplies the observations and breaks its insulation by fruitfully exchanging its notes and samples with the entomologist landais Leon Dufour. He will refute his assumption of a preserving liquor at the origin of the paralysis of the alive preys of the Cerceris, by a masterly demonstration of the selective destruction of the nonvital nerve centres of the bupreste S, by the scientists blows of stylets of the Hyménoptère S.

In 1857, the fever of discovered which animates it extends to all the universe of the insects: Hyménoptère S, Bembex, Scholium S, Coleopter S, of which it describes the most intimate behaviors with an unequalled methodological rigor and in a language of quality which announces already the writer, the poet and the philosopher.

Fascinated by the Mushroom S as of its more young age, he studies the reproduction of the truffle, sensitive topic for the economic prosperity of the department and, in a note presented in April to Société of Agriculture and Horticulture of Vaucluse, refutes the theory of the Galle of the oak .

The Botanique is not in remainder. Fabre being bound of friendship with the botanist inhabitant of Avignon Theodore Delacour who directed to Paris is celebrated it house Vilmorin , this one introduces the chief of the botanical cultures to him, Pierre Bernard Lazare Verlot (1836-1897). Together, they explore the flora of the Mont Ventoux and inform Fabre of the last techniques in Horticulture.

Thinking of benefitting from its knowledge in chemistry, Fabre carries out research on the garancine , powder of root of garance which made it possible to dye fabrics in red, in particular providing the famous red pants of the French infantry. The garance of Avignon (known as palus ) being extremely famous, even the parents of Fabre cultivated it with the farm of Roberty. In the years 1859 with 1861, it deposits four Brevet S of invention touching with the analysis of the frauds, but especially with the pure Alizarine, which it had succeeded in extracting by a method of an astonishing simplicity. Alas, whereas the factories started to use its processes, the discovery of the artificial alizarin, realized by Graebe and Liebermann in 1868, was going to ring the knell of the tinctorial industry of the garance and the agricultural resources which it represented in Vaucluse, at the same time ruining the ten years of efforts that Fabre had devoted to its processes.

In 1865, on the recommendation of the famous chemist Jean-Baptiste Dumas (1800-1884), illustrates it Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) comes in person to consult it to try to save the sericultural industry French. The worms with silk were decimated by a disastrous epidemic of Pébrine, characterized by the eruption of black spots, evoking grains of Poivre. Fabre explained the biology of the Bombyx of the mulberry tree and the means to him of selecting unscathed eggs. The lesson bore its fruits and Pasteur succeeds in stopping the frightening epidemics.

In 1866, the municipality names Fabre at the preserving station of of the museum of Natural history of Avignon (renamed museum Requien since 1851), then sheltered in the church Saint-Martial désaffectée. It is there that Fabre worked with the dyes and gave public courses of chemistry. It is there also that it accepted in 1867 the surprised visit of Victor Duruy (1811-1894). This wire of workman become normalien and inspector of teaching had taken in friendship the naturalist with whom it shared the most stripped dream of an instruction accessible to. Become Minister for the State education , Duruy convenes Fabre in Paris two years later to give the to him Légion of honor and to present it to the emperor Napoleon III.

Then, in 1869, it charges it with giving courses of the evening for adults who, opened with all the public ones, were a considerable success. Its lessons of botany attracted an attentive public made up of young villagers who brought to him as well flowers as “ its office disappeared under the richnesses from the close greenhouses ”, farmers curious about science, but also about extremely cultivated personalities, such as the editor Joseph Roumanille, Frederic Mistral and the philosopher English John Stuart Mill (1806-1873), director of the Compagnie of the Indies , which will become one of his/her more faithful friends.

But the law Duruy (July 10th 1867) for the democratization of the state education, in particular the access of the young girls to the sceondary education, started a cabal of clerical and conservatives, obliging the minister to resign. Shown to have dared to explain the fecundation of the flowers in front of young girls considered to be innocent by certain moralizers, the courses of the evening were removed and Fabre denounced like subversive and dangerous. Incompetent to manage such an attack with his honor, Fabre had to resign of his station to the college. In spite of its twenty-eight years of service, it left teaching without obtaining pension. It receipt even the visit of an usher to be expelled in the month with its wife and her five children because of this business. It is thanks to the generous assistance of Stuart Mill, which advanced to him the sum of three thousand francs, that Fabre and its family could settle, in November, in Orange. Although rich person on the scientific level, this period was not favorable to Fabre of a point of considering financier since it profited from no advance nor pay rise in eighteen years.

One evening of winter, beside a stove whose ashes were still hot, and the deadened family, I forgot, in the reading, the concern of the following day, the blacks concern of the professor of physics which, after having piled up university degree on diploma and having returned during a quarter century of the services whose merit was not ignored, received for him and them his 1.600 francs, less than the pledge of a stableman of good house. Thus the ashamed parsimony of this time for the things of teaching wanted it. I was irregular, wire of my solitary studies. I thus forgot in the middle of the books, my poignant miseries of professorship.

If the reading were the comfort of its misery, it is its feather which will enable him to leave there. The success gained by two of its books intended for youth, the Sky , and History of the log; accounts on the life of the plants , published by the Garnier bookstore in 1867 and largely diffused by Hatchet, encouraged it to continue its work of pedagog while composing of the schoolbooks. Thanks to the confidence and to the friendship of the editor Charles Delagrave, Fabre will be able to take an active part in the birth of the republican school and the first steps of a universal pedagogy.

Orange (1871-1879): writer pedagog

From now on released of the loads and the constraints of teaching, Fabre is found, at 47 years, without situation, resources and roof, whereas the Guerre of 1870 beats full sound. While Marie-Césarine and the children remain in his/her parents with Carpentras, Fabre places temporarily in a friend, Doctor Ripert, with the Castel of the Arenas to Orange. Then it finds a housing in the center town, place of Cordeliers, which enable him to join together the family, but too noisy and too far from nature to continue entomological studies there.

Lastly, in 1872, Fabre settle in hiring for eight years in the beautiful one and roomy house of Vinarde , located at the exit of the city. The Garrigue with the doors of the home enables him to recreate, with the assistance of his/her son Jules, a small botanical garden and to take again its observations of the Chalicodome, to study the apical Pompile, the Halicte S, the Chrysomèle S, to collect mushrooms and to paint the first watercolours of them.

But especially, Fabre undertakes work of popularization of a width and an unequalled quality which prepare it with its mission of scientific writer. In addition to the first volume of the Memories and a study on Halictes, it will write during the nine years of its stay with Orange more than eighty works intended for teaching! Thirty school handbooks and books of reading for children who, published by Charles Delagrave, will be a great success: Arithmetic, Algebra and Trigonometry, Botany and Zoology, Geography, Geology, Physics, Organic chemistry, elementary Astronomy, Course of cosmography, household or talk on the domestic economy, industry …

Several generations of pupils (and parents!) will thus be likely to be able to study the majority of the school matters with these texts of a not very common quality, by their dimension the scientific and literary time. Fabre is explained some thus in the Souvenirs :

“ Of others reproached me my language, which does not have solemnity, say better, the academic dryness. They fear that a page which is read without tiredness is not always the expression of the truth. If I believed them, one is deep only in the condition of being obscure. yes, my not roughcast pages of hollow formulas, savantasses wild imaginings, are the exact one told remarks, anything moreover, anything less the natural history, this splendid study of the young age, through cellular improvement, became odious thing, rejecting. However, if I write for the scientists, the philosophers who will try one day to clear up a little the difficult problem of the instinct, I also write, I write especially, for the young people, with whom I wish to make like this natural history which you made so much hate; and for this reason, while remaining in the scrupulous field of truth, I abstain from your scientific prose, which too often, alas! seem borrowed from some idiom of the Huron ones. ”

The Poetry often present in the accounts of Fabre, its inflexible will in the research of the scientific truth, the inexhaustible heat with the work which allowed him this extraordinary self-educated formation, its talents of pedagog, take their source in a spiritual sensitivity turned towards the interior, towards the gasoline of the heart which he believes immortal and with which he can dialog to exceed the dramas of the life, to thwart the traps of his ego and to transform the cruelest tests into positive energy.

Like writes it Doctor Legros in his first biography, his currency could have been Of fimo AD excelsa , from bottom towards the perfection. It is undoubtedly this attitude of Fabre, combining the rigor of morals Confucianist, with the flexibility quasi-shintoïste of the conscience of the natural laws, which force the respect and explain deep admiration that the Far East dedicates to him, in particular Japan.

Because the cruelest tests await Fabre before it can finally reach its dream. In 1877, on September 14th at midday, his/her son Jules, seriously sick, dies at the 16 years age. Fabre is very affected by the disappearance of the dear child who assisted it in his entomological work and in which it saw its successor. The same year, his/her friend and protective Stuart Millet, joined its wife who awaited it the cemetery of Avignon. The following year, Fabre itself is struck by a Pneumonie. It is believed lost, it cures some, regenerated.

Thus, the professor of Avignon survived under the feather of the writer pedagog. He continued his self-educated formation with rhetoric, thésaurisait by compilation a multitude of precise knowledge all while making them discover with the children. Far from being lost for science, these ten years with Orange prepared nine following volumes of its capital work. Lastly, this remarkable school production gave him finally the material ease which state education had refused to him.

The Master of Sérignan (1879-1915)

In March 1879, with the savings made by the sale of its books, Fabre buys a superb property on a not cultivated ground, which it will name Harmas (“uncultivated land”), with 8 kilometers of Orange, at the exit of the village of Sérignan-of-Comtat the. It will finally be able, in this new residence, to devote itself to its dream of always, the observation of the insects and will make of Harmas de Sérignan the first laboratory living of nature and entomology.

He writes the second series of the entomological Souvenirs , dedicated to his Jules son. Eight other series will follow, at irregular intervals until in 1907, year when a friendship is born between Fabre and its disciple Doctor Legros, who projète to celebrate his jubilee and to make known it whole world. This last writes in 1910 a first illustrated biography of 112 pages, Jean-Henri Fabre, naturalist , then one second in 1912, richly documented by the correspondence of Fabre: life of J. - H. Fabre, naturalist , work which will be translated in many languages, the english language version appearing as of 1913.

In 1913, the president of the Republic, Raymond Poincaré (1860-1934) returns visit in Fabre in Harmas. Two years later, Jean-Henri Fabre learns with joy the victory from the Marne: his/her Paul son is among the combatants. Jean-Henri Fabre dies out the October 11th 1915, at the 92 years age.

Scientist

Jean-Henri Fabre maintains a correspondence with Darwin (1809-1882), of which he did not admit the Théorie of the evolution, with Stuart Mill, Roumanille (1806-1873) and Mistral (1830-1914).

In 1859, is twenty years before the publication of the memories , Darwin, who had already had a presentiment of his genius, quoted it in the Origine of the species and crowned it “ inimitable to observe ” (observant incomparable) and the large scientist, Louis Pasteur (1822-1895), will not hesitate to come to consult it in Harmas to save the Silkworm français.

One finds in chapter 7 of series II of the Souvenirs , entitled Nouvelles research on the chalicodomes , a testimony of the regard that Fabre had for Darwin: “ This chapter and the following was to be dedicated, in the form of letter, with the famous English naturalist who rests now in Westminster, opposite Newton, in Charles Darwin. My duty was to give to him an account of the result of some experiments that it had suggested me in our correspondence, quite soft duty for me, because if the facts, such as I observe them, move away me from his theories, I less do not have in deep veneration his nobility of character and his frankness of scientist. I wrote my letter when the poignant news arrived to me: the excellent man was not any more; after having probed the imposing question of the origins, it was with the catches with the ultimate one and dark problem of beyond. I thus give up the epistolary form, misinterpretation in front of the tomb of Westminster. An impersonal, free drafting of paces, will expose what I had to tell on a more academic tone. ” To see the whole chapter on www.e-fabre.com

Doctor be-Sciences, his research touches with the Entomologie, the Botanique, the Organic chemistry, the Mycologie and the Biologie:

Scientific theses and publications

Thesis of Doctorate presented to the Faculty of Science of Paris in 1855 (Printing works of L. Trip hammer, Paris, 1855):

the Prone main thing in zoology: “Research on the anatomy of the reproductive bodies and the development of the myriapodes” To read on www.e-fabre.com;
Prone secondary in botany: “Research on the tubers of the Himantoglossum Hircinum ” To read on www.e-fabre.com.

Botany

The botanical occupies a considerable place in the work of Fabre. Its famous notebook, which does not leave it, is enamelled diagrams of flowers and original observations, in particular on the dynamic aspects of the plants and their ecology: he studies the movements of the cheesecloth S of the Opuntia , those of the gimlets of the Cucurbitacées, the germination of the Ophrys (orchises) and the parts hypogean S (underground) of the Vesces.

Observations on the hypogean flowers and fruits of Vitiated amphicarpa , Paris (1855), Bulletin of the Botanical Company of France 1 ;
On the nature of the gimlets of Cucurbitaceous the , Paris (1855), Bull. Club-footed plowshare. France 2 ;
Of the germination of Ophrydées and the nature of their tubers , Paris (1857), Yearly of the natural science and zoology , 4th series, volume V (3);

Mycology

Fabre was interested in mushrooms since its more young age, as shows it many anecdotes brought back in the Souvenirs . As a naturalist, it published following work:

On the phosphorescence of the agaric of the olive-tree ; Note of Mr. Fabre presented by Mr. AD. Brongniart, Reports of the meetings of the Academy of Science , July-December 1855, (Volume XLI) p. 1245;
Research on the causes of the phosphorescence of the agaric of the olive-tree , Yearly of the natural science and zoology , 4th series, volume IV, Book n° 3, Paris (1856); republication Printing works of L. Trip hammer; To see on www.e-fabre.com];
Notes on the mode of reproduction of the truffles , Bulletin of the Company of Agriculture and Horticulture of Vaucluse , Avignon (meeting of April 6th 1857);
Test on Sphériacées of the department of Vaucluse , Yearly of the natural science, Botanical , 6th series, 9 : 66-118 (1878);
Insects and mushrooms , entomological Memories , Xe series, chapter XX (1907); To see on www.e-fabre.com

Mushroom watercolours

Fabre devoted seven years of its life to the study of the Champignon S of the Mont Ventoux and to the specimens sent by his/her son. Nearly 700 watercolours of an astonishing precision, painted hand of Fabre, were found in the attics of Harmas in 1955 by its grandson, among whom many rare or unknown Mediterranean species. Its usual modesty prevented it from publishing these boards of alive sound, depriving Mediterranean mycology of a contribution which would have without any doubt created sensation at the time.

A third of them is exposed to the museum of Harmas and 221 boards were published in the superb work of Claude Caussanel, Yves Delange, Patrick Jolly and Diane de Margerie, Champignons of Jean-Henri Fabre , soon followed by a Japanese adaptation directed by Tsuguo Hongo, published at Dōhōsha in 1992, ジャン・アンリ・ファーブルのきのこ.

Chemistry

The competence of Fabre in Chimie was confirmed by gaining the first price with the contest open over the research of fraudulent deteriorations of the garance.

Memory on the research of the foreign bodies introduced fraudulently into the powder garance and its derivatives , Avignon (1859), Impr. Bonnet wire; To see on www.e-fabre.com]
Patents on the garancine , dye extracted the root of garance:

Description of the improvement brought by the undersigned to the manufactoring process of Garancine ; To see on www.e-fabre.com
Description of the process by which one transforms the fan of Garance into a dyestuff identical to that of the root of the same plant ; To see on www.e-fabre.com
Description of the process suitable to reduce the quantity of acid in the treatment of Rubiacées tinctorial ; To see on www.e-fabre.com
New manure called black of garance , Avignon (1861), Bulletin of the Company of Agriculture and Horticulture of Vaucluse ;

Report/ratio on the artificial alizarin of Mr. Roussin , Bulletin of the Company of Agriculture and Horticulture of Vaucluse , August 1861;

Entomology

In addition to the Entomological Memories , Fabre published the following studies:

Observation on manners of Cerceris and the cause of the long conservation of the Coleopters of which they supply their larvae , Annales Sc Nat. Zoologie , 4th series (1855);
Study on the instinct and the metamorphoses of the Yearly Sphégiens, of Natural science and Zoology , 4th series, volume V (1855);
Memory on the hypermétamorphose and manners of Méloïdes]], Yearly Sc Nat. Zoology , 4th series, volume VII (1857);

New observations on the hypermétamorphose and manners of Méloïdes , Yearly Sc Nat. Zoology , 4th series, volume IX (1858);

Study on the role of fat fabric in urinary secretion in the Insects ,

Yearly Sc Nat. Zoology , 4th series, volume XIX 1863;

Insects coleopters observed around Avignon , impr. F. elder Seguin, Avignon (1870) To read on www.e-fabre.com;

Study on manners and the parthenogenesis of Halictes , Yearly Sc Nat. Zoology , 6th series, volume IX (1879)

Study on manners of Phylloxera for the period from August in November 1880 , Paris (1880) ( Academy of Science , meeting of November 15th, 1880);

Writer pedagog

He writes many school works in more than ten matters, of the collections of French and provençaux poems, but especially its '' entomological Souvenirs '', monument of four thousand pages published in ten series of 1879 with 1907, in which he tells observes the world of the alive Insecte S. Translated in addition to fourteen languages and cities in the school handbooks of many countries, in particular in Japan, the entomological Souvenirs were republished in 1989 in two strong volumes of pocket of more than 1000 each one pages. “They constitute an exceptional work, at the same time on the plans arts person and scientist. ”

Fabre still remains, nearly one century after its death, the universal reference as regards observation of the world of the insects, as well for the specialist as for the amateur, for the curious pupil as for the teacher. In France, the draftsman Gotlib represents it in his work. But it is incontestably with the Japan, where more than 600 publications and of many museums were devoted to him, that he enjoys largest respect and he is not a child who is unaware of his name. Television programs and reports being regularly devoted him as “an alive treasure”, the visit of Harmas de Sérignan belongs to the cultural route of many Japanese tourists.

2007 are the year of the centenary of the entomological Souvenirs . To celebrate this particular birthday, the Korean publisher Hyeonamsa undertook the translation of the integral work of Jean-Henri Fabre as well as biography of Yves Delange.

Poet félibre and type-setter

Enthusiast of Poetry since his childhood, one knows that at the ten seven years age, Fabre did not hesitate to sacrifice its three francs gained hard for the purchase of the Poésies of Jean Reboul. The following year, it publishes a first poem in the indicator of Avignon of June 26th 1842, followed comment: “These worms, which announce happy provisions for poetry, are of an young man from seventeen to eighteen years, raises Teacher training school of Avignon. ” It has twenty and one years when the Echo of Ventoux of January 20th 1844 publishes its poem the flowers , then what gives gold , soon followed by a series of poems on the nature, of which the Worlds appeared in the Mercure Aptésien .

As of 1868, Fabre binds with Joseph Roumanille, enthusiastic admiror of his courses of the evening, which will introduce then its pupil to him Frederic Mistral. This last will invite it to join the Félibrige and to publish its poems under the name of “Felibre di Tavan” (Félibre of the Cockchafers). In 1909, Roumanille publishes a collection of 21 poetries of Fabre into of Provence, with French translation in glance: Oubreto Prouvençalo dóu Felibre di Tavan and whose complete title was:

Oubreto Prouvençalo dóu Felibre di Tavan, rambaiado pèr J.H. Fabre , (Œuvrettes Of Provence of Félibre of the Cockchafers collected by J. - H. Fabre), Avignon, Roumanille, 1909 To read on www.e-fabre.com

A collection of sixty six poetries, written at its short free times between 1842 and 1908, including one twenty-six with pieces of music composed by Fabre itself on small harmonium of Harmas, was published for the centenary of the félibrige at Delagrave in 1925, then republished in 1980 at Marcel Petit, Raphèle-the-Arles:

Poetries French and of Provence of Jean-Henri Fabre, collected in final edition of the Centenary by Pierre Julian ,

Works of Jean-Henri Fabre

Entomological memories

Major and imposing work, with its four thousand pages, published in ten series between 1879 and 1907, the entomological Souvenirs bring back more than one half-century of studies and descriptions of the life and manners of the insects, in particular Coléoptère S and Hyménoptère S. the rigor of the scientific method, research on the ground and the experiments, the philosophical reflections, are integrated there in a crowd of memories of childhood, accounts moving on the strange characters by the world by the insects, but also the joys of discovered and the dramas of the life. At the same time, scientist, poetic and lyric, the unit constitutes a “anthem with nature and knowledge”.

entomological Memories - Anger series (1891) - (1879) - To read on Gallica
New entomological memories - IIe series (1882) - To read on Gallica
entomological Memories - IIIe series (1886) - To read on Gallica
entomological Memories - IVe series (1891) - To read on Gallica
entomological Memories - Ve series (1897) - To read on Gallica
entomological Memories - Life series (1900) - To read on Gallica
Memories entomological - VIIe series (1901) - To read on Gallica
entomological Memories - VIIIe series (1903)
entomological Memories - IXe series (1905)
entomological Memories - Xe series (1909)

Extracts of the Memories

the bluebottle (1907)
life of the insects (1910)
Manners of the insects (1911)
wonders of the instinct in the insects (1913)
the marvellous world of the insects (1921)
life of the spiders (1928)
Scene of the life of the insects

Insects in the Memories

Alphabetical list of the chapters of the entomological Memories devoted to the insects, accessible on www.e-fabre.com (Full texts)

Acridiens
Ammophilous the
the Spiders
the Beetles
Cerceris
Chalicodomes
Charançons
the Cicadas
Cossus (X {{E}} series, chap. 6)
Dorthésie Characias (IX {{E}} series, chap. 24)
Épeires
Ergate ({{Xe}} series, chap. 6)
Éthologie
russet-red Ants (II {{E}} series, chap. 9)
the Crickets
the Wasps
Them Halictes
the Cockchafers
Kermes of yeuse (1905, IX {{E}} series, chap. 25) the
the Glow-worm (1909, XI {{E}} unfinished series, chap. 1) Lampyris noctiluca
Lycose de Narbonne
Mante nun Mantis religiosa (1897, Ve series, chap. 17-19)
Méloés
Minotaure Typhée
the Flies
Onthophages
the Butterflies
the Processionary catarpilar of the pine
Plant louses of terebinth
the Bugs
the green grasshopper (VI {{E}} series, chap. 12) Ephippigera vitium , Oecanthus pellucens
Scarab3ee crowned
Scarab3ee
the Scorpions
Sphex

Schoolbooks and readings intended for youth

agricultural Chemistry (1862)
the Earth (1865)
Sky, readings and lessons for all (1867), 8th edition, Delagrave, Paris, 1893 To read on Gallica
History of the log; accounts on the life of the plants (1867), Garnier Brothers, Paris
the book of history, accounts scientific of the uncle Paul to his nephews. Current readings for all schools (1869), Delagrave, arithmetic Paris
New, with the use of all the establishments of the state education, with 1.800 exercises and problems varied and graduated (1870), Delagrave, Paris
Ravageurs. Accounts on the harmful insects with agriculture (1870), Paris, Delagrave 1939
Algebra and trigonometry, with the use of all the establishments of state education, with 400 graduated and varied problems (1872), Delagrave, Paris
scientific Readings. Zoology (1872)
scientific Readings. Botany (1873)
Auxiliaries, accounts of the uncle Paul on the animals useful for agriculture (1873), Delagrave, Paris, 1890
Dawn, hundred accounts on varied subjects, current readings with the use of the schools , Delagrave, Paris, (1874) To read on Botanical Gallica
(1874), Delagrave, Paris
Industry, simple accounts of the uncle Paul on the origin, history and the manufacture of the principal things of a general employment in the uses of the life. Current readings with the use of all the schools (1875), Delagrave, Paris
the Servants (1875)
Concepts of natural history: physiology, zoology, botany, geology (1880), Delagrave Paris
Household, talks of Dawn with his/her nieces on the domestic economy. Current readings with the use of the schools of girls (1889), (2nd edition), Delagrave, Paris.
the Book of the Fields, talks of the uncle Paul with his nephews, on the things of agriculture (1879), Delagrave, Paris
Little girls, first book of reading to the use of the elementary schools (1880), Delagrave, Paris
Course of mechanics (1880), Delagrave, Paris
the Chemistry of the uncle Paul (1881)
elementary Concepts of physics for the use of primary school education and the elementary classes (1881), Delagrave, Paris
Inventors and their inventions, elementary history of the principal discoveries in the order of physical sciences (1881), Delagrave, Paris
Readings on Botany (1881), Delagrave, Paris
Readings on the Zoology (1882), Delagrave, Paris
usual Elements of physical sciences and natural to the use of the elementary schools, in accordance with the program of July 27th, 1882 , Delagrave, Paris, (1883 - 1884)
Zoology (1884)
Natural history, work conforms to the official programs for secondary education (traditional and special), primary teacher training schools, arts baccalaureats and science (1889), Delagrave, Paris
Main Paul, simple accounts on science. Current readings for the primary teacher training schools (1889), Delagrave, Paris
the plant: lessons with my son on botany (1892) 4th edition - To read on Gallica
Small encyclopedia of sciences (6 volumes), Delagrave 1891 - 1892
Animal, vegetable and grounds. 30 mural tables printed colors. Explanatory leaflets and descriptive , Delagrave, theoretical Paris 1901
Arithmetic agricultural and practices with the use of the elementary schools, with 600 exercises or problems relating to agriculture , Delagrave, Paris, 1901
the Science of the uncle Paul. Familiar talks on the animals, the plants, minerals, the sky, the ground, industry (1926), Delagrave; Paris
Republication (2002). Fabre, Jean-Henri-Casimir. Accounts on the insects ( animals and things of agriculture, Ravageurs, Auxiliaries, Servants, the Book of the fields, agricultural Chemistry ), Editions Actes Sud Thesaurus (1024 p.)

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