Jean-Baptiste Treilhard

Jean-Baptiste Treilhard (born the 2 or January 3rd 1742 with Brive-the-Strapping woman, Corrèze - died the December 5th 1810 with Paris) was a French lawyer and politician at the end of the XVIII {{E}} and at the beginning of the 19th century.

I swear hatred with the royalty! (Speech of the 1st pluviôse year IV - January 21st, 1796)

Lawyer before being politician, Jean-Baptiste Treilhard crossed without too much of encumber the disturbed times of the Révolution and the Empire, playing a decisive part at important moments. He did not reach the notoriety of some of his revolutionary colleagues, but he occupied a certain number of stations - keys - President of the constituent National Assembly, President of the national Convention at the time of the lawsuit of Louis XVI, member of the Comité of public Hello, president of the Conseil of the Five hundred, member of the Directoire - from which the succession at various periods attests continuity of its action and its capacity of survival.

Eugene Marbeau describes Jean-Baptiste Treilhard like “an honest and right man who is satisfied to make his duty in the situation where the fortune places it, but which does not seek to direct its life and to dominate the events”.

Biography

Before the Revolution

The father of Jean-Baptiste Treilhard father was lawyer with the Présidial of Brive, judges Abbaye of Obazine, farmer and administrator of the grounds of the Duché of Ventadour, first consul of Brive in 1740, and perpetual mayor of the city in 1769.

Raise college of doctrinary in Brive, Jean-Baptiste accepted a teaching reconciling the requirements of science and the faith.

After studies of right, Jean-Baptiste Treilhard becomes, in 1761, lawyer with the Parlement of Paris. Protected from Turgot, future controller of Finances of Louis XVI, it is engaged to deal with the legal affairs of the family Condé

Revolutionary years

After a brilliant lawyer career under the Old Mode, Jean-Baptiste Treilhard is elected appointed of the Tiers to the General states of 1789. It then begins a political career, which will do of him one of the major actors of the French revolution.

It belongs to the ecclesiastical Council which presents, the December 17th 1789, a report/ratio proposing the suppression of the religious orders with the return of their goods to the Nation and vote for the civil Constitution of the clergy. The July 20th 1790, it is elected President of the constituent National Assembly.

The March 20th 1791, Jean-Baptiste Treilhard assists - with Jean-Sylvain Bailly, former president of the National Assembly and mayor of Paris - in the Church of the congregation of the Oratory, located at Paris, street Saint-Honore, with the ceremony of establishment of the new constitutional bishops Jean-Etienne Robinet (Charente Inférieure, today Charente-Maritime), Jean-Antoine Maudru (the Vosges), and François Bécherel (Manche). The December 27th 1792, Jean-Baptiste Treilhard is elected - with 268 votes out of 417 voters - President of the national Convention, and will be for this reason, until the term of its mandate the January 10th 1793, the first magistrate during part of the lawsuit of Louis XVI, which he declares guilty conspiracy against public freedom and of attacks against the general security of the State.

The June 12th 1793 it is excluded by the Montagnards from the station which it occupies with the Comité of public hello, where it made vote the perpetual banishment of the emigrants, since the constitution of this one the April 7th 1793 (18 germinal year I). He is imprisoned, but will survive terror jacobine. The July 31st 1794, after the Thermidor 9 year II, it reinstates the Committee of public hello until the November 5th 1794. He will be again member of the May 4th to the August 2nd 1795.

By decree of the June 17th 1793 Treilhard and its Mathieu colleague are sent in parliamentary mission in the Gironde and Lot-et-Garonne. They receive, as of the following day, of the Committee of the inspectors of the room 4.000 books for mission expenses. They write Uzerche the July 30th 1793 which they are on the way for Paris, where they will arrive the August 7th.

Jean-Baptiste Treilhard, will on the occasion to carry out two other parliamentary missions in province:

with Marly (Seine-et-Oise, today Yvelines), with Auguis and Enlart, for the civil list, by decree of the September 22nd 1793. They write of Marly the 5 frimaire year II (November 25th 1793) which they return to Paris.
In the Nozzle of Number combinations (the Gironde) and again the Lot-et-Garonne, by decree of the 10 nivôse year III (December 30th 1794). It receives Committee of the inspectors of the room 12.000 books for mission expenses the 19 nivôse year III (January 8th 1795). Patient, it gets under way for Paris 15 germinal year III (April 4th 1795).

In 1796, it makes adopt the principle of the exchange of the girl of Louis XVI, Marie-Therese-Charlotte, future duchess of Angouleme, against the police chiefs with the armies betrayed and delivered by the general Dumouriez passed to the enemy and held by the Austrians.

After appointhaving appointed it ambassador with Naples (1796), the Directoire appoints it ambassador plenipotentiary with the Congrès of Rastadt (1797). President of the the Council of the Five hundred, he becomes member of the Directory, the May 15th 1798 (26 floréal year VI) to replace François de Neufchâteau. He will be president of the Directory of the August 24th to the November 27th 1798.

The June 17th 1799, its election as member of the Directory is invalidated by a resolution of the Conseil of Old the, with the reason for ineligibility.

Under the Consulate and the Empire

After the Coup d'etat of the 18 brumaire, during the Consulate, it is named the April 4th 1800 vice-president of the court of call of the department of the the Seine, and on January 1st 1802 becomes president about it. It chairs the section of legislation the Council of State, in 1802, and takes part in the drafting of the Civil code French, the criminal Code and the Code of the trade in close cooperation with Tronchet and Jean Etienne Marie Portalis. Large Officer of the Legion of Honor the June 14th 1804, it is made count d' Empire the April 24th 1808.

In connection with the need for organizing the work of condemned in the prisons to cure criminality, the count Jean-Baptiste Treilhard, in his report/ratio on the reasons for the criminal instruction code of 1808, written: “The order which must reign in the houses of correction can strongly contribute to regenerate condemned; the defects of education, the contagion of the bad examples, idleness gave birth to crimes. Eh well, let us try to close all these sources of corruption; that the rules of a healthy morals are practiced in the houses of correction; that obliged with a work that they will end up liking, condemned there contract the practice, the taste, and the need for the occupation; that they respectively give each other the example of a hard life; they will become soon a pure life (...). ”

The March 30th 1809 he becomes minister of state, function which he will occupy until his death.

In 1810, at the time of a parliamentary debate in connection with the reform of the legal institutions, Treilhard specifies that the members of the courses will take from now on the title of “Advisers of its majesty” in order to point out the “memory of great talents and great virtues”. ( Parliamentary records , 2nd series, Volume X, p. 699).

Jean-Baptiste Treilhard dies out on February 1st 1810 at 7 p.m., in his hotel of the street of the Masons in Paris. Like dignitary of the Empire, it is buried with the the Pantheon the December 5th 1810 at 2 p.m. in the vault n°III. The religious funeral is celebrated at 12 noon in the Saint-Etienne church of the Mount. The four corners of the pall are carried by Regnault of Saint-Jean-D' Angély, minister of state, the count Andréossi, president of the section of the war, the count Berlier, adviser of State and the count Defermont, minister of state who pronounces the funeral praise.

Anecdotes

A street Treilhard, long, 265 meters was open in 1865, by the town of Paris, in VIIIe district of Paris, in the district of Europe, on the grounds coming from the old slaughter-house from Rolls. It begins street of the Benevolence in N° 40 and street of Miromesnil to N° 67 and finishes place of Narvik to N°6.

The bust of Jean-Baptiste Treilhard by Joseph Osbach († 1898), carried out in 1877, figure - at the side of those of other famous French lawyers, such as Jean Etienne Marie Portalis (1746 - 1807), Jean Domat (1625 - 1695), or Jean-Jacques de Cambacérès (1753 - 1824) - in the famous gallery of the busts of the Court of appeal, decorated at the end of the 19th century, during the rebuilding of the Law courts after the fire of 1871.

A sculpture (bust of Jean Treilhard Baptist), carried out by Auguste Maillard, exposed to Paris with the Palate of the Fields-Elysées, at the time of the Parisian Living room of 1893, was bought by the State.

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