See also: Dumas
Jean Baptist Andre Dumas , born with Ales (Gard) the July 14th 1800 and died in Cannes the April 10th 1884, is a chemist and Politician French.
Career
Jean-Baptiste Dumas still arrives to Switzerland very young. He becomes pharmacist with Geneva, where he followed the courses of the university. He publishes a report on the physiology of the nervous system, which draws the attention. He is then invited to Paris, where he becomes assistant of Louis Jacques Thénard with the Faculty of Science and repeater to the Polytechnic school.
He also gives courses of chemistry to the Athenaeum, a center of conferences on sciences and the techniques which is also a gathering place of the liberal opposition to the government (heads of undertaking, scientists). One finds there good number of readers of the Globe , newspaper of opposition of intellectuals, of which one some Alphonse Lavallée are shareholder. Dumas helps Lavallée to found in 1829 her project: the central School of arts and manufactures, the purpose of which is to train civil engineers, “factory and works medical officers”.
Dumas succeeds then Thénard with the pulpit of chemistry of the Polytechnic school in 1835, until 1840 when it is replaced by Theophilus-Jules Pelouze. In 1838, it becomes titular pulpit of organic chemistry at the Medical college. In parallel, he becomes substitute for Thénard to the Faculty of Science for the courses of the 2nd half of 1832 to 1836, then for the whole of the courses of 1836 to 1841. He becomes then titular new pulpit of chemistry and senior of Faculty in 1841, succeeding Jean-Baptiste Biot.
Dumas is Minister for the Agriculture and the Trade of 1850 to 1851 in the government of Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte and becomes senator at the time of the sacring of the Emperor. It is named general inspector of higher education for sciences and vice-president of the imperial Council of the state education.
Scientific contributions
He formulated the basic principles of the general Chimie, measured many densities of vapor, determined in a precise way the composition of the air, water and carbonic gas. Dumas worked in particular on the organic chemistry. He discovered the amines and the Anthracène. He establishes the theory of substitutions, by showing the possibility of substituting hydrogen by chlorine in the organic compounds. He defines the function alcohol and gave the composition of ethers. It was interested in particular in the atomic weight of carbon.
Functions, titles and distinctions
; Academies and learned societies- Member of the Academy of Science (1832)
- Member of the Academy of medicine (1843)
- President of the Academy of Science (1843)
- Member of the international Company of the practical studies of social economy
- President of the Company of encouragement for the national industry of 1845 with 1884
- Faraday Lectureship of the Royal society off chemistry (1869)
- Member of the French Academy (1875)
- Member of the municipal council of Paris
- Vice-president of the municipal council of Paris
- Vice-president of the Superior council of the State education (1861 - 1863)
Homages
- Its name is registered on the lathe Eiffel.
- the principal Ale college bears its name today.
External bond
- Biographical note of the French Academy
| Random links: | Bassoon | Julie Baker | Stations (tram of Grenoble) | Douglas port | Mel Bridgman |