Jean-Baptiste Bouillaud

Jean-Baptiste Bouillaud (September 16th 1796, Angouleme - October 29th 1881, Paris) is a Médecin French.

Large clinician, Bouillaud identified the acute Rheumatoid arthritis in bond with the cardiac disorders and was the first to locate the center of the Langage in the frontal lobes of the Cerveau.

Biography

Formed by his/her uncle, Jean Bouillaud, army surgeon of the armed , Bouillaud took part before even to have completed its studies, in the Napoleonean campaigns of 1815, it is only following the demolished of Waterloo that it will complete its university course with its doctorate in medicine in 1823, to Paris. Its intense medical activity materializes in the publication of a Traité diseases of the heart and large vessels , with Rene-Joseph-Hyacinthe Bertin, in 1824, then one year later, a clinical and physiological Traité of the encéphalite, or ignition of the brain in which it exposes his thesis concerning the frontal localizations of the center of the language. That is worth to him to become at 30 years, member of the royal Académie of medicine. Its work will be continued by his/her son-in-law Ernest Auburtin who by exposing them to the Société of anthropology, in 1861, will make them discover with Paul Broca.

In 1831, it obtains a clinical post of professor of medicine to the Hôpital of the Charity of Paris. Appeared in 1840, its Treated clinical of the rheumatoid arthritis and the law of coincidence of the ignitions of the heart with this disease definitively establishes its reputation of large clinician. In 1848, it is honoured senior with the Medical college of Paris, after Matteo-Jose-Bonaventure Orfila but of the dissensions with its predecessor will make it leave this station.

June 1st, 1868, he is elected member of the Academy of Science (section of medicine and surgery), institution which he will attend until his very last days.

Liberal and republican, he was also appointed of Charente between 1842 and 1846.

Scientific activities

The searchs for Bouillaud extend to many medical fields: since the study of the cardiac disorders with the Rheumatism S of pathologies of the Nervous system (cerebral lesions, Encéphalite S) to the Fever S, while passing by the Cholera or, the Hermaphrodisme.

In Cardiology, it made the first the observation of the co-occurence of the cardiac disorders associated with the acute Rheumatoid arthritis (Disease of Bouillaud). It will give the first mechanical explanations of the origin of its product by the cardiac beats of which it describes some arrhythmia S. It discovers also certain pharmacological properties drug resulting from the Digitale, that it baptizes the “opium of the heart”.

In the field of the Neurology, inspired by the Phrenology of Franz Joseph Gall, it states the principle of the Double dissociation, a reasoning which will be one of the pillars theoretical of the Neuropsychologie of the 19th century and 20th century. Here the reasoning of Bouillaud: If the language is quite localized in the frontal lobes of the Cerveau, then two conclusions can be drawn, on the one hand in the event of attack of the frontal lobes, the language must be also affected, on the other hand, if the lesions touch other zones of the brain then the language must be saved. While analyzing, the data reported by a fellow-member neurologist, Claude-François Lallemand, Bouillaud obtains an experimental confirmation of this theory. It is following work of Bouillaud that Paul Broca will study the question and will give a more precise localization of the center of the language to the foot of the third frontal convolution of the left hemisphere, an area since named Aire of Broca. The others discovered of Bouillaud on the language are not less important: it is the first to show that the loss of language, the Aphasie, exists in two forms which result either from an incapacity to include/understand, memorize and generate words or of a driving incapacity to produce them. These two forms will be indicated later on under the names: Aphasia of Wernicke and Aphasia of Broca.

In spite of these discoveries fundamental, in addition to theory phrenological from now on invalidated (contrary to the localization which it made itself of the surfaces of the language), one can quote among its misleadings an unconditional use of the bled S in the event of Fièvre, the defense been obstinated of medicine anti Phlogistique of Broussais and a great reserve with respect to work of Louis Pasteur.

Related articles on the brain and the language

External bonds

  • Biography
  • Biography and bibliography

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