Jawhar Al-Siqilli (Sicily 911 - Cairo, January 28th, 992). It is the sicilian general who establish the greatest empire Fatimide of the history by conquering all north Africa, the Egypt and the Syria. It also founded the town of Al-Qahirah (Cairo) and large the mosque of Al-Azhar, which is oldest Université world.

Sometimes Al-Siqilli was written have-Siqilli , Al-Saqali or have-Saqalli in various transcriptions. Sicily even was known like Saqaliah or Siqiliah in different times and dialects Arab. Its complete name was Abu Al-Hassan Jawhar ibn Abdullah .

Life

One does not know his ancestors except for the name of his Abdullah father. The reason is that Jawhar was related to a group of Mawâli (not-Arabic) sicilian which had been carried in slavery of the Emirate of Sicily at the Tunisian city of Kairouan, which at that time was the capital of the great caliphate fatimide of Western Northern Africa. Its ancestors were Byzantine Christians , and in general for not-Arabic at that time, was not planned to trace their origins with their not-Islamic names.

In 953, Jawhar is released by the emir Al-Mu' izz, who this year succeeded his predecessor Al-Mansûr, and well early it took importance. In the year 959 it is named Vizier and commander-in-chief of the army. The same year he undertakes and makes a success of the conquest of many provinces of the the Maghreb. He resided there and controlled the country for years.

After a long convalescence, in February of the year 969 Jawhar, which from now on was considered irreplaceable by emir Al-Mu' izz, come charged to conquer Egypt. Little later it will take the town of Alexandria without major problems, and it directs towards the town of Fostat which immediately gives its rendering.

Immediately after the victory he becomes governor of Egypt and he is distinguished by preventing that its soldiers deliver themselves to the plundering and the catch of spoils of war, in their giving great rewards and honors. Its government will be tolerant, voluntary and positive.

The same day of the conquest, the June 6th 969 Jawhar plots the drawing of the new city and proceeds to the foundation, on 136 ha, of Al-Qâhirah (the modern city of the Cairo) and to the construction of its castle (Qasaral) . In 970 it begins the construction of the mosque (and theological university) Al-Azhar of the new city, centers propaganda Shiite on Egypt. It was inaugurated two years later. The quotas of the army, of tribal origin, were installed by quarterings, which quickly became districts. Jawhar also made build a palate (the palate of the East) to accommodate the caliph. The June 22nd 972 the mosque was devoted and opened with the worship and the June 10th 973, all was ready to accommodate the caliph Al-Muizz Li-DIN Allah, which transferred its capital to it.

In the year 970 it had sent its men to the conquest of Syria and they had succeeded. But the situation had changed when the Qarmates intervened at the side of the Syrians. In 972 the Syrians and the Qarmates forces attacked Egypt, but Jawhar by taking the command of its men succeeds in overcoming them. In this way Syria was taken again in a stable way.

He will die in Cairo on January 28th 992 with more than 80 years. The tomb which one can see today in the northern side of the university of Al-Azhar is regarded as being fall it from Jawhar but that is discussed. The tomb could belong to a Turkish slave, certain Amir Jawhar Qanqabali.

Random links:

Presidents d' Équateur | Léo Hamon | Acura MDX | Championships of the world junior of ski jump | Juxtapose