Jarnac

Jarnac is a common French, located in the department of the Charente and the area Poitou-Charentes. It is located on Right Bank of the river Charente between Angouleme and Cognac.

It is in particular the birthplace of the president François Mitterrand. Since August 2004, the city accommodates every year the summer school of the Convention for the sixth Republic.

The city is located in the zone of name of controlled origin cognac, in the vintage Fins Wood . The large ones and famous houses of trade and much of small producers of cognac, Pineau of Charentes and Charente-native Local wine are installed in the city and its close relations surroundings.

Geography

  • the culminating point of Jarnac is located Avenue of the Leclerc General, with the foot of the water tower of “Bellevue” with 40 m compared to the sea level, but the edges of Charente and the quays are only to 8 to 9 m, very in lower part of the level of Charente at the time of its risings. Roads are then cut but little of houses are flooded.
  • Located at the continental end of the Saintonge, it is the brook the Garland which delimits the border with the Angoumois.
  • Environ 620 ha are reserved for agriculture (mainly the vine).

Hydrography

  • With an undulating relief, Jarnac is bathed by the Charente.
  • the commune is located in the large area catchment hydrographic Adour-Garonne.
  • There exist small affluents of Charente like the brook of Tenaie, which runs out upstream of Jarnac, and the brook of Gorre, downstream from Jarnac.

Geology

  • the zone of Jarnac is mainly located within a geological framework where one finds argillaceous marnes of Purbeckien surmounted by gray marnes. being able to contain beige limestones. One also finds of Portlandien higher than the North-East of the commune, as well as modern alluvia in south-west

Hydrogeology

  • the area of Jarnac is located on the aquifer of Portlandien of the Jurassic superior. It is tablecloth of a captive type.

Climatology

  • the Charente-native climate is of oceanic type, and is marked by fresh and rainy winters and dry summers and relatively heats. It is characterized by a certain softness of the temperatures with an annual average of 12,8°C. Classically, January is the coldest month (5,8°C) and July and August the hottest months (20,5°C°.
  • Jarnac profits one duration of sunning annual average of 2  200 hours.
  • the cumulated total over one year of monthly average precipitations is of 791 mm, with the maximum ones at the beginning of winter. The driest months are July and August.

Landscapes

  • the landscape, where the vineyard is very present, appears remarkably organized and little diversified. However, of wooded spaces or the cereal fields the vines côtoient.
  • the most outstanding remainder however the river the Charente, “the most beautiful ditch of the kingdom” according to the dires of Henri IV, navigable on 100 km; water is clear there, the many fish, the admirable banks; alternation of small churches, villages, farms, the whole in a very varied nature. The renovated locks are as many sporting halts for the boats, the calm one is king there, and even the one day old navigators, increasingly many, respect the nap of the fishermen.

Localities, Hamlets

  • Gibauderie, Lartige, Chabannes, Large-Houses, Malbrac, Nanclas, the Key, Souillac.

History

Prehistory

The occupation of the places is known since the Neolithic time ; many flints, polished stone fragments, as well as a table of dolmen were found on the territory of the commune; in the same way some rare discovered objects of the Bronze Age and age of Iron attest presence of civilizations Ligure S and Celte S.

The district of Large the houses was occupied before the Roman epoch. It was with the crossing of two ways, Is Western which moved towards the ford of the Wader, and North-South which crossed Charente with the ford of the Richard Port.

Antiquity

Located in the province of Saintonge, Jarnac (Agernacus, or Agernacum?) full with the Roman occupation benefitted; furnaces with potters prove the existence of a rich and developed industry.

Its situation with horse on an old way Gallic E and two Roman ways, without forgetting its statute of only river port on the Holy Charente between and Angouleme reveal its importance at the time of the Romains. One then crosses Charente by the ford of the Large-Houses, known then under the name of the Rise-Charles .

After four centuries of Roman influence, the Visigoths take possession of our regions, whose inhabitants must yield two thirds of their grounds.

Early middle ages

One century later, the Francs, carried out by Clovis are spread until the the Pyrenees, destroying and depopulating the cities. Clovis is withdrawn by establishing Bazole, count d' Angoulême charged to control on its behalf.

The ground of Jarnac concerned then the counts of Angouleme, but also the Prior of the Saint-Cybard Abbey of Angouleme.

At the 8th century, a new invasion, that of the Moors finish with Poitiers, their army being overcome by Charles Martel in 732.

In 778, Charlemagne sets up the Aquitaine in kingdom, allotted to his/her Louis son; to the 9th century, the Angoumois is entrusted to Turpion (towards 848) which will succeed his/her Émenon brother, then Vulgrin I {{er}}, first hereditary count of the province.

It is then the invasion of the Normands, which go up the Charente in 846, extreme, devastating and plundering all on their passage.

The low Middle Ages

It is under Guillaume Taillefer II, fifth count d' Angoulême, end of the 10th century, of which he was a friend and faithful defender, that he is done mention of a lord of Jarnac, Wardrade Lorichès, count of Walk, living the castle of Jarnac, located on current the place of the Castle , and founder with his Rixendis wife of the abbey of Bassac where their tomb is still seen.

Since the second part of the 12th century, the Aquitaine became English ground by the marriage of Aliénor of Aquitaine and Henri II Plantagenet, and towards 1150, it is the single bastard one of Richard Lion-hearted, Philippe de Faucombrige, which by marrying the heiress of the grounds of Cognac, Merpins and Jarnac becomes the lord of the places. Without heir, his fields pass to his/her uncle, the king Jean Without Ground and his wife Isabelle of Angouleme.
Their son Henri III of England returns the field to Hugues X of Lusignan, count of Walk and Angoumois, which married his/her mother, then widowed of his father Jean Without Ground.
Plantagenêt, Jarnac will withdraw certain communal acquisition with its franknesses and freedoms that Cognac will succeed in preserving, but that the Chabot will hasten to crush in Jarnac.

After the Lusignan, the ground of Jarnac concerns successively the Dreux of Mello, of the Counts of Have, the Craon, then in 1410, with the marriage of Marie Craon with Louis Chabot of famous the Maison of Chub.

The Chabot will reign in Jarnac of wire father during three centuries. Almost all will be born with the castle, almost all will be buried in the Saint-Pierre.
church The elder ones, lords of Jarnac, will be large captains and will occupy the greatest loads and dignities of the kingdom, while being combined with the great names of France.
Puînés will be knights of Malta or will accumulate the ecclesiastical benefit of the local abbeys (Bassac, Chatre or Saint-Jean-with Angély).
The girls will make good matches or will be put at the convent.

Modern time

Henri de Chabot, (1615 - 1655), catholic gentleman, founds the branch of the Rohan-Chub by marrying Marguerite de Rohan (1617 - 1684), girl of Henri II, duke of Rohan, prince de Léon.
The applicants of Marguerite are numerous; although huguenote, it stops its choice on Henri de Chabot, lord of Jarnac and Apremont, of religion Catholique. The king authorizes this union (in 1645) in the condition which the children are high in the religion catholique.
In spite of the opposition of her Rohan cousins, Marguerite obtains from the king that the children of the couple take the name of Rohan-Chub.
The titles and possessions of Henri de Rohan pass then in the Maison of Chub. The title of Duke of Rohan and Pair of France is recreated for him, it becomes also prince of Leon, count of Porhoët and Lorges, marquis of Blain and Garnache, baron of Mouchamps, lord of Héric and Fresnay (ground in Plessé), first baron of the nobility and president-born of the States of Brittany. It receives moreover the government of Anjou.

Blazon and currency

The blazon is of gold with three Chabot S of mouth and surmounted mural crown with three crenelated towers.

The currency of the east city: Concussus Resurgo which one could translate by: “Struck, I am raised”.

Historical events related to the city

  • the Blow of Jarnac which is not, as it is often thought, a treachery, but a secret, skilful and completely honest blow . This artful thrust allowed Guy Chabot of Saint-Froze, 7° baron de Jarnac to overcome in duel François de Vivonne, sior of the Chestnut grove, the July 10th 1547 with the Château of Saint-Germain-in-Bush hammer.

  • the Battle of Jarnac which saw, the March 13rd 1569, victory of the duke of Angouleme, duke of Anjou, future king Henri III over the Protestant troops of Prince de Condé who found death there.

Administration

List of the successive mayors

Demography

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Economy

The principal companies are Courvoisier, Louis Royer, Thomas Hine & Co, Delamain, and Vilquin. They are many company related to the vineyard, four houses of cognac and a metal house building entreprise.

The remainder of the economic activity is related on the trade and the craft industry of a prosperous small town.

Tourism

  • tourism related to the memory of François Mitterrand is constant: with the visit of its native house where are exposed new photographs and documents, the Museum François Mitterrand and the collection of objects, sculptures, drawings, offered to the President by personalities of the whole world, as well as models of the great operations of architecture and town planning wanted by François Mitterrand of 1981 to 1995, and also the cemetery of Grand' Maisons where it rests.
  • the discovery of Jarnac with the historical circuit of the Jarnac old man, visit of the old city, the church Saint Pierre and the crypt.
  • poetic space Pierre Boujut

Agriculture

Approximately 600 ha are arable lands, including 275 ha of vines intended for distillation to obtain cognac.

Environment

Jarnac obtained 1 flower () with the Concours of the cities and flowered villages (prize list 2004,2006,2007).

Equipment or Services

Education

  • Jarnac has two public nursery schools (Kergomard and of Bussy), and 2 public elementary schools (Ferdinand Buisson and Jules Ferry).

  • the schools Saint-Maurice and Sainte-Marie are catholic private schools which ensure the nursery classes and primary.

  • Jarnac also has a public college (Jean Lartaut) and the catholic private college (Jean XXIII), as well as a Rural Family home (M.F.R.).

Sports

Jarnac shelters many clubs and one can practice football, the tennis shoe and Rugby, the gymnastics, the athletics, the VTT and tennis, game of bowls, fishing, the canoe-kayak and the oar, without forgetting the hikers, the judo, karate or the fencing.

Health

Jarnac has doctors, dentists, kinesitherapists, nurses and pharmacies.

If the surgical hospitalizations take place in the hospitals and the private clinics of Angouleme and Cognac, Jarnac has a medical private clinic and a psychiatric private clinic, a hospital of medicine long stay which is also old people's home and a hearth-housing deprived for elderly.

Culture and inheritance

Culture

The cultural center of the Orangery shelters the inter-commune media library.

The association of the friends of Pierre Boujut continues his cultural contribution.

The association of Cinémaniacs Jarnacais seeks to promote the cinema by proposing with the Auditorium of the city the films which make the topicality.

Places and monuments

At the 14th century, it is the seat of the archpriest of Jarnac which counts forty parishes almost including all the north of the Cognaçais, of the brook the Garland in the east with the Antenne in the west.
Very altered at various times, it was partly destroyed by the Protestants in 1562.
The old frontage préromane, which was one of the most beautiful specimens of the architectural art of the 12th century, and needed to be restored was destroyed and entirely remade in a dubious style in 1898.
Its Saint-Michel crypt of the 12th century was classified with the Historic buildings, place of burial of the lords of Jarnac, at least as from the 15th century that of the Chabot, “ illustrates race, one of oldest and most powerful of the Poitou and of all the Guyenne. ”
  • the protesting Temple: Jarnac was very early one of the hearths Calviniste S of the Angoumois. After a first temple installed in a barn close to the castle and destroyed in 1684, a second temple is built in 1761. The current temple probably existed in 1806. It was the subject of work of enlarging and refitting at the 19th century: starting from 1820, enlarging and raising of the temple, this work giving access to the temple since the street; in 1888 repairs and installations intérieurs.
    the temple, of very lengthened rectangular plan, comprises two distinct parts: the old house of speech of 1761 and extension, having a neo-classic frontage expressing the sobriety of the reformed church.,
  • Convent, Prison of Récollets: the convent of the reverends fathers récollets of Jarnac is based by the count Guy Charles Chabot and his first wife Marie-Claire de Créqui, the November 17th 1680, partly on arched cellars of the 14th century, and partly on the site of the old Protestant temple which will be used as brandy store during the Révolution. The office is built in 1740 for a notary. Reassigned in 1770 with the count de Jarnac, the buildings are sold in 1774. The owners are, of 1763 with 1817, Ranson and Delamain, and, starting from 1824, Paul Roullet and Henri Delamain. They are again sold in 1825 to be transformed into prison. In 1875, the buildings become stores with brandy and are completely altered.
  • the Town hall, places Jean-Jaurès (2.062m ²) 1867.

  • the surroundings de' Jarnac' are strewn with multiple churches of Romance style .

Personalities related to the commune

  • François Mitterrand, president of the French Republic of 1981 with 1995, was born in Jarnac the October 26th 1916; it rests there with the cemetery of Grand' Maisons.
  • Guy Chabot of Saint-Froze, 7° baron of Jarnac, (1514, † August 6th 1584), author of famous the Coup of Jarnac the July 10th 1547.
  • Louis Ier de Bourbon-Cop, Prince de Condé found death during the Bataille of Jarnac which saw, the March 13rd 1569, the victory of the duke of Angouleme, duke of Anjou, future king Henri III over the Protestant troops.
  • Henri de Chabot, born in Jarnac in 1615, died in Paris in 1655, great-grandson of Guy Chabot founds the branch of the Rohan-Chub by marrying Marguerite de Rohan (1617 - † 1684), only surviving of the nine children of Henri II, duke of Rohan, prince de Léon. The titles and possessions of Henri de Rohan pass in the Maison of Chub. The title of Duke of Rohan and Pair of France is recreated for him, it becomes also prince of Leon, count of Porhoët and Lorges, marquis of Blain and Garnache, baron of Mouchamps, lord of Héric and Fresnay (ground in Plessé), first baron of the nobility and president-born of the States of Brittany, governor of the Anjou.
  • Pierre Marcilhacy, (1910 - † 1987), was senator de Jarnac and candidate with the presidential elections of 1965 under the label of the European Liberal party (François Mitterrand was also candidate for this election). He was also a writer.
  • Pierre Boujut, the poet-wet cooper, founder of the review the Tower of Fire , was born and deceased there.
  • Burgaud of Marets (Jean-Henri), born in Jarnac the November 2nd 1806, deceased with Paris the October 6th 1873, rests in the family vault of the cemetery of Grand' Maisons in Jarnac since October 10th, 1873. Lawyer at the Court of Paris during 40 years, storyteller and patoisant fabulist ( dialect saintongeais canton of Jarnac ), philologist scholar, translator, critical, editor, bibliophile.
  • Eutrope Lambert poet and journalist, born in Jarnac in 1842 and dead the June 2nd 1910.
  • Jacques Delamain is a Ornithologue French, born in 1874 in Jarnac and died in 1953 with Saint-Brice in Charente.
  • Robert Delamain, French writer (Jarnac 1879 - † id. 1949), author of various works concerning the cognac and Jarnac.
  • Jean Comandon, doctor (Jarnac 1877 - † id. 1970), is one of the precursors in the use of the cinema with scientific goal.
  • Odette Comandon, author of comedies and tales, actress and narrator patoisante (Angouleme 1913 - † Royan 1996).
  • Thomas Hine, founder of the house of cognac Hine, located in Jarnac.
  • Jean Desbordes, poet, born in the the Vosges in 1906, and deceased with Paris. It is resulting from an old jarnacaise family. Friend of Jean Cocteau who prefaces his poetic test I adore in June 1928 (Grasset Editions); it holds even a role with the cinema in its film the Blood of a poet, realized in 1930.Il dies in Paris under tortures of the Gestapo.
  • Martin Braud and Cédric Forgit, champions of Europe 2006 of slalom in two-seater Canoe and vice-champions by team, already vice-champions in 2004 belong to the club of Canoe-kayak of Jarnac.

Twinnings

  • , to see
  • , to see
  • , to see

See too

  • Common of Charente
  • Path of great excursion GR. 4
  • Station of Jarnac

External bonds

  • Jarnac on the site of the national geographical Institute
  • Jarnac on the site of INSEE
  • Jarnac on Google maps
  • Tourism with the Country of Jarnac
  • associations
  • the cinema with Jarnac with Cinémaniacs Jarnacais

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