See also: Maxwell

James Clerk Maxwell (June 13rd 1831 with Edinburgh, in Scotland - November 5th 1879) was a Scottish physicist which showed that the electricity and the magnetism could be unified in only one phenomenon: the electromagnetism. It as proved as the electric fields and magnetic travel in space, in the form of Onde S, at a speed of approximately 300  000 km/S, the Speed of light. It has thus put forth the assumption that the Lumière was an electromagnetic form of Rayonnement.

Biography

It codified previous work of Michael Faraday, Andre-Marie Ampère and others concerning electricity and magnetism, and in a whole of twenty differential equations gathered them, partly by using the Quaternion S of Hamilton, partly by restricting them with their only pure imaginary part. Later, being based on this restriction, and by forgetting all the objections with its own mathematisation that Clerk Maxwell had written itself in paragraph 15 of sound Treatise one Electricity and Magnetism (1873), Heaviside, Poynting and Gibbs reflect in the world the vectorial tool such as it is still used nowadays with all the inconsistencies of time: algebraic inconsistency, semantic inconsistencies.

As opposed to what one could believe, the quaternions of Hamilton are not a very exact precursor of the space time of Minkowski, tallies geometrical of the restricted Theory of relativity. Indeed the quaternions were built into 1843 only out of one algebraic schedule of conditions, while the semantic schedule of conditions for macroscopic physics still put nearly one century more to get clear.

The theory of the electromagnetism of Maxwell contained the germ of relativity. Later, Oliver Heaviside simplified the theory while reducing to four the number of equations necessary.

These are these equations that one now knows under the name of Maxwell's equations . The laws of Maxwell describe the behavior of the electric fields and magnetic and the relationship between the two, namely the electromagnetism.

The equations allow the existence of an electromagnetic wave car-being propagated speed of light, suggesting that the light is in fact this wave electromagnetic. The validity of this suggestion was shown later by the experiments of Hertz and was fundamental for the invention of the radio, usually allotted to Guglielmo Marconi.

In 1860, Maxwell discovered that it was possible to make Photographie S color by using red filters, green and blue. He is prize winner of the Médaille Rumford this same year.

Maxwell carried out also basic research on the Thermodynamique, which led it to conceive celebrates it experiment of thought of the Démon of Maxwell.

Quotations

• “the speed of the electromagnetic waves is almost that of the light… what gives a good reason to conclude that the light is to some extent it even (by including the radiation of heat, and other radiations of the same type) an electromagnetic disturbance which is propagated according to the laws of electromagnetism. ” - James Maxwell

• “the theory of relativity owes his origin with the Maxwell's equations on the electromagnetic field” - Albert Einstein
• “It reached unequalled tops. ” - max Planck
• “Since unmemorable times, let us say for ten thousand years, there is little doubt that the most outstanding event will be for a time the discovery (at the XIXe century) of Maxwell on the laws of the electromagnetism” - Richard Feynman
• “the importance of Maxwell in the history of sciences is comparable with that of Einstein (which it inspired) and of Newton (whose he reduced the influence)” - Ivan Tolstoy

External bond

• Works of Maxwell digitized by the SCD of the University Louis Pasteur of Strasbourg

Simple: James Clerk Maxwell

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