James Braid

James Braid , born with Fife in 1795 and died in Manchester the March 25th 1860, is a Scottish doctor , known for its work on the Hypnose.

Biography

It makes its studies of medicine to Edinburgh and practical medicine in Manchester. It starts to be interested in the animal Magnétisme in 1841, when he is the witness, in Manchester, of a demonstration of the hypnotizer free-Switzerland Charles Lafontaine.

One allots often and wrongly to Braid the invention of the term Hypnose in his book Neurypnologie, Traité of the nervous sleep or hypnotism , which it publishes in 1843. Actually, the term had already been used by the baron Etienne Felix d' Henin de Cuvillers in 1819. In its book, Braid tries to be different from work of the hypnotizers “imaginationists” such as Alexandre Bertrand and the abbot Faria. It replaces their method of visual induction by fixing of the attention on the helping hand of the hypnotizer by the fixing of the attention on a brilliant object.

Braid defines the Hypnose as a “state of nervous sleep” in which it is easy to plunge a person by using induction by fixing on a brilliant object. It uses this method, in particular to obtain the anesthesia at the time of surgical operations. It will be pointed out that the ether in anesthesia will be used for the first time at the the United States only in 1842 and France that in 1847.

In 1847, it tries to re-elect hypnosis “Monoïdéisme”, without success.

One reproaches Braid his experiments phréno-hypnotism, intended to show the possibility of exciting particular feelings, ideas, acts, while strongly pressing on the protuberances of cranium of the hypnotized subject.

Braidism in France

In 1859, the doctors Eugene Azam and Paul Broca return account in front of the Academy of Science of an intervention practiced under hypnotic anesthesia. In 1860, Alfred Velpeau presents work of Braid to the Academy of Science. This same year, Joseph Durand the Large one publishes his theoretical and practical Cours of Braidisme, or hypnotism nervous . In 1870, Hippolyte Taine presents an introduction to the theories of Braid into its Of the Intelligence .

Works

Satanic agency and mesmerism reviewed , 1842
Neurypnology; however the rationale off nervous sleep, considered in relation with animal magnetism. Illustrated by numerous box off its successful application in the relief and cure off disease , 1843, (French transl.: Hypnosis or Treated nervous sleep, considered in its relationships to animal magnetism , 1883, Rééd. Harmattan, Paris, 2004) Text on line (English) (French)
The Power off the mind over the body , 1846
Observations one Trance: however human hybernation , 1850
Magic, Witchcraft, animal magnetism, hypnotism, and electro-biology , 1852
The Physiology off Fascination , 1855

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