Jalal AD-DIN

Djala AD-DIN Mengü Berti or Aldine Jalâl Mankobirti (or RTL F جلالالدينمنكبرتي Al-dīn menguberdī or), was the last Shah of the Khwarezm (Khwârazm-Shahs) (1220 - 1231).

To died from his/her father Went AD-DIN Muhammad in an island of the Caspian Sea (December 1220), Djala AD-DIN Mengü Berti gathers its forces with Ghaznî or Gengis Khan continues it.

The following year, Jalal AD-DIN manages to put in rout some Mongolian regiments ordered by Chigi-Koutoukou noiön to Pervan, in the north of Kabul. But the lords khârezmiens divide again. Jalal AD-DIN gives up Ghaznî, its last fortress, but is beaten the November 24th 1221 close to Nesawi. After having made kill his preferred wife and her children, it gives up his treasure and flees by the Indus to place itself under the protection of the sultan of Delhi (December 1221).

The victory of Pervan, shaking the myth of the invulnerability of Mongolian, involves the revolt of the population of Herat, which massacres the Mongolian garrison (November 1221). The city will be taken again by Aldjigidaï return of the Indies after a six month old seat (June 14th 1222).

In 1224, Jalal AD-DIN, driven out Delhi to have plotted against its host returns in Iran where it takes again possession of the heritage of his father as a combatant towards the west. In the Khorasan and the Afghanistan, the country is depopulated by the Mongolian invasion and the latter did not even install garrisons in the fortresses taken. Djala AD-DIN manages to be made proclaim sultan by the governors Seldjoukides of the Kirmân and the Fars, then attacks the Azerbaïdjan, takes Tabriz and détrône the sovereign Uzbek. Jalal AD-DIN, after being itself made proclaimed sovereign of Azerbaïdjan, invades the Georgia and beats the army géorgienne twice (1225). It occupies Tiflis. It makes destroy the Christian churches and ransack the city (1226). In 1228, he is Master of Iruk, the Kirmân, the Fars, Ispahan and Tabriz. He undertakes a war against the close Moslem countries (caliphate of Baghdad, sultanate of Rum, etc). He is beaten by the armies of the Moslem countries allied in 1230.

In winter 1231, Ögödei lance three tumens (30 000 men) ordered by Tchormaghan noïon against Jalal AD-DIN. They cross the Khorasan quickly and go on the Azerbaïdjan. Jalal AD-DIN, weakened by its defeat vis-a-vis the Moslems, gives up Tabriz (spring) and flees towards the territory of Moghan and Arran, with the mouth of the Koura and the Araks, then with Diyarbakir. The August 15th 1231, it is assassinated by a Kurdish peasant . Tchormaghan settles with its troops with the mouth of Koura and of Araxe and until its death in 1241 remains there.

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