Jacques Major the is one of the twelve Apôtre S of Jesus Christ. He is named “Jacques, wire of Zébédée” in the New Testament
Biography
Wire of Marie Salome. The Catholic church made of it a Saint and qualified it Majeur . This epithet comes to him from its quality from elder. He is the brother of the apostle Jean and both are called Boanerges , i.e. “wire of the thunder” (Matthieu IV: 21-22) .cela also makes it possible to distinguish it from the other apostle “Jacques, wire of Alphée”.Jacques is one of the very first disciples to follow Jesus, and it is one of its closer. It takes part, with Pierre and Jean, with significant events: the Transfiguration, anguish of Jesus to the Mount of Olives. This same group of three apostles is the only one to follow it when it goes ressusciter the girl of the chief of the synagog. Finally Jacques is quoted among the witnesses of the third appearance of Jesus after his death, on the edges of the Lake Tibériade (episode of miraculous fishing brought back by holy Jean).
Jacques is the only apostle whose death is reported in New Testament: “It (Hérode) made perish by the Glaive Jacques, brother of Jean. ” (Acts, XII: 2)
He is celebrated the July 25th
There are three named characters Jacques in New Testament:
- Jacques wire of Zébédée , brother of Jean, one of the Apostles.
- Jacques the Juste, brother of the Lord,
- Jacques the son of Alphée, one of the Apostles.
Saint Jacques and Spain
According to the Christian tradition, the tomb of Jacques saint would rest in Galicia, in the town of Compostelle, but the historians consider that there is no evidence to advance such an assertion.
Always it is that the tradition made travel the relics of Jacques saint the Major one in Spain where they were found in Compostelle. According to the accounts, holy Jacques left the Middle East to preach in the Iberian peninsula thus under heard African banks, Maurétanie, Numidie, Carthage, then turned over to Jerusalem where he was decapitated. His/her companions transported its relics in Galicia and the tomb would have been found a few hundred years later, at the 9th century by the Pelayo hermit (or Pelagius) who had a revelation in his sleep. Théodomir, bishop of Will go-Flavia (today Padrón) recognized this tomb as being that of Jacques saint at the 9th century. The king Alphonse II made there build a church. The pope Leon XIII officialized the recognition of the tomb of Jacques saint by the Church in 1884.
The Pèlerinage of Saint-Jacques-of-Compostelle became one of most important with the Moyen-âge. Many ways led to Compostelle from all Western Europe, marked out old people's homes dedicated to the saint. The pilgrims had as a habit to pay like testimony of their voyage of the shells of pectens, which they fixed at their coat or their hat, from where the name of scallops given thereafter to these molluscs. Today still, of tens of thousands of pilgrims continue to go to Compostelle each year.
At the time of the Reconquista, holy Jacques would have appeared miraculeusement and would have intervened at the sides of the Christians and would have received for this reason the nickname of Matamoros , “killer of Moors”.
A military order was dedicated to him, the Ordre of Santiago ( Santiago which is the contraction of Sant and Iago and which can result in Jacques saint).
Santiago Matamoros
Saint Jacques, famous “ebullient” being more of the apostles of the Christ, is often represented in Spain under the aspect of the matamore , i.e. the “killer of Moors”. Its statue shows it then gone up on a white horse, striking of sound sword one or more warriors Musulman S.This figure of saint Jacques Matamore dates from the Bataille of Clavijo, which opposed in 844 the king of Asturies Ramiro I {{er}} to the emir de Cordoue Abd el Rahman II.
The history tells that, with most extremely of the fray, a rider overlapping appeared a white destrier, carrying a struck white standard of a Red Cross, which split its sword literally the Moors that it found on his passage. Always according to this history, the impetuous appearance gave the advantage to the Christian combatants, who recognized in it holy Jacques.
One sees in this legendary episode the origin of the famous war cry “¡ Santiago, will cierra España! ”, equivalent of “Montjoie, holy Denis! ”.
Saint Jacques was going to be during all the Reconquista the symbol and patron saint of the fight against the Infidel. An order of warlike monks, the knights of Santiago, was even going to bear its name.
The statue of saint Jacques Matamore recently was the subject of a polemic concerning a possible withdrawal of the nave of the cathedral of Saint-Jacques-of-Compostelle and a transfer to the contiguous museum. The cultural commission of the sanctuary wanted to avoid “being likely to run up against the sensitivity of other religious groups”.
One can include/understand the object of this polemic. The Christian, Jewish monks and Moslems see a blasphemy there. Indeed, for most erudite of them, a Saint could not intervene in time of war, only the devil would be capable.
In addition, this statue constitutes nona historical direction. Saint Jean knew very well the territories Moorish and numide, since they were then a refuge for the Christians. The people of North Africa at that time were Jewish, Christian or pagan.
Representations and symbols
The apostle is often represented in three ways:- in majesty, sitted: it is the haloed figure of the saint who throne on the Master furnace bridge of the cathedral of Saint-Jacques-with-Compostelle;
- as a pilgrim, upright: starting from XIIIe century, under the influence of the pilgrimage of Compostelle, it carries the traditional behavior of the jacquet, with the bumblebee (pilgrim's staff), the double sack, the water-bottle (gourd), the mantelet (large cape) and the felt hat on broad board decorated with a scallop.
- as a killer of Moors, armed with a sword on a white horse.
- the Scallop
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