Jacques Tease - SpeedyLook encyclopedia

Jacques Lainez (francized name of Diégo Tease ) (1512, Almazan (Spain) - January 15th 1565, Rome) was a priest Jésuite and Spanish Théologien. Theologist of the Pope S with the Council of Thirty, it was one of the most important participants, deeply marking the doctrinal debates on the reform of the Catholic church. Immediate successor of saint Ignace de Loyola, he became the second Supérieur general of the Society of Jesus.

Creation of the Society of Jesus

Though catholic, it was of a family of " new chrétiens" , it be-with saying Jewish origin, probably four generations before.

He was graduate university of Alcalá de Henares in 1531, then laid off in philosophy at the 20 years age in 1532. With his friend Alonso Salmeron, he heard of Ignace de Loyola, present two years before with Alcalà. In order to progress in philosophy, it joined the university of Paris in (1533) and became one of the first companions of Ignace.

It was one of the six men who, with Loyola, formed the original group of the " Friends of Seigneur" , later Society of Jesus, pronouncing on August 15th, 1534 in the Saint-Denis vault of Montmartre the wishes of poverty and chastity on the steps of the Christ, and promising to go to Jerusalem.

Because of the circumstances (no out-going vessel for the Palestine) the pilgrimage in Jerusalem could not be organized, and Laynez with Ignace and the other Friends of the Lord (then ten) proposed into 1537 their service with the pope.

The Pope Paul III discussing doctrinal questions with them, impressed by their teaching, granted the permission to them to be ordered priests and to go in Holy Land. Tease was charged by the pope with teaching theology and the Scholastique at the university Sapienza with Rome. When the order was definitively established (1540), Laynez, undertook many missions, in particular in Italy of North and Germany.

Theologist of the popes to the Council of Thirty

In 1545, Paul III chooses Lainez and Salmerón as single theologists of the pope to the Concile of Thirty which he had convened, in answer to the requests formulated by Martin Luther within the framework of the Protestant Réforme. They were joined by two other Jesuits, the Jay which represented évèque Augsburg, and Covillon the theologist of the duke of Bavaria. With Thirty, Tease receipt a paramount role when the fundamental question of the justification was posed because Luther had separated from the Church on this point of doctrines. Tease and Salmerón were distinguished in the preparatory long discussions. The theological discussions were placed under the direction of the Cardinal Cervini, future Pope Marcel II. This one decided that Salmerón would appear among the first speakers in order to fix the " juste" doctrines as of the beginning; Tease being the last to speak to summarize the debates and to clarify the errors of the theologists. The two Jesuits had a major influence in the fight against the ideas Lutherans that certain participants in fact had adopted. The évèques ones requested copies of the opinions of Tease and Salmerón.

While the two theologists of the pope provided the essence of the effort in the battle carried out in favor of the catholic theses on the " justification" at Thirty, strong pressures were put on Ignace de Loyola in order to send Lainez to achieve an apostolic mission with Florence. Salmerón prevented the operation by informing Ignace of the influence that Lainez had acquired. A little later Lainez answered those which tried, like the cardinal Girolamo Seripando, general of Augustins, to reconcile the catholic theses and Lutherans by defending a double justice, that of the men and that charged to the Christ. The answers of Tease rained as well with the Fathers of Thirty as they honoured it by including his own words in the Acts with the council. January 13rd, 1547, the decree on the justification passed unanimously, taking again the doctrines as defined by Lainez.

Later, whereas very few theologists could speak one hour during, Lainez had the privilege to be addressed more than three hours to the assembly. Salmerón wrote in Ignace that to draw aside Lainez of Thirty " would be, without exaggeration, to remove one of its eyes of this Concile" (January 20th, 1547). In April 1547, Lainez came with the council to Bologna, or it taken the word on penitence and the extreme unction. The opposition of Charles Quint having prevented many évèques from going there, the council was indefinitely deferred. When the Fathers found one second time at Thirty on May 1st, 1551, Lainez, meanwhile become the provincial one of the Jesuits in Italy, and Salmerón were again named by the pope Jules III. Now first to speak, Lainez looks further into the doctrines on the Eucharistie and the sacrifice of the Mass. It was even reported that the decrees and the guns of XIVe Session were written by him.

At the time of the third convocation of the Council, on January 18th, 1562, two Jesuits were present, Covillon and Pierre Canisius. Black and white IV, not more than the party of the reform was not satisfied of the absence of the protagonists of the preceding sessions. Also, Salmerón, then Tease (higher general) and Juan de Polanco was required by the Holy Father to go to the Council as theologists of the Pope. Salmerón, as of its arrival, spoke about the communion under only one species. Tease arrived to Thirty in August 1562. It taken the word on the sacrifice of the Mass and carried adhesion, delivering its argumentation top of a pulpit raised in the chorus of the Cathedral. The opinions of Tease, not only out of dogmatic matter but to refuse the chalice with the believer also in practice, carried it in XXIIe session.

The subject of the following session was extremely delicate - the question of the orders, including the origin of the episcopal jurdiction. Tease was one of the members of the committee indicated to prepare the decrees and the guns on the Sacrament of the Orders; and it of it was charged. To the whole beginning of the discussions, the question of the Divin right of évèques was put and the debates lasted more than nine months. Tease held firm on this question of the divine origin of the capacities of évèques, the Divin right of the episcopal body to a jurisdiction and the direct granting with each évèque individually of a jurisdiction by the Pope. However, the council left this question out of the decrees of this XXIIIe session.

The general superior

When Ignace de Loyola died in 1556, Laynez was general vicar of the company. Because of internal crisis of the Company and difficult relations with the pope Paul IV, the general Congregation was pushed back two years. Indeed, Paul IV insisted on the triennial election of the " géneral" and on the song of the Office in chorus by the Jesuits. Finally convened and opened on July 2nd, 1558, the congregation elected Diego Laynez with the first turn and became the second general superior.

The wishes of the pope having been only expressed verbally, and by an envoy, after his death in 1559, on the councils of eminent canonists, Lainez stopped the practice of the choruses, and returned to the strict observation of the Constitutions taking into consideration généralat. Tease had made adopt the " Constitutions" company in 1558 and to mark the importance which higher education should have in the installation of the Order.

In addition to work related to the government of the Order, Lainez was invested always more in the battle against the Hérésie and the negligences of the ecclesiastical discipline. It was one of the two envoys of the pope, Pie IV, with Ippolito d' Este, the cardinal of Ferrare, wire of Lucrèce Borgia, participating in the discussions with the Calvinistes with the Colloque of Poissy from September 9th to 26th 1561, in front of the regent Catherine de Médicis.

It took finally an eminent share with the Concile of Thirty, especially at the time of the last session (1562-63) or it was invited as a Supérieur general of the Society of Jesus. Many parts of its interventions were included in the guns of the council. In its absence, Salmerón was vicar-general in Rome. Tease remained with the council until its new adjournment on December 4th, 1563.

With died of the pope Paul IV in 1559, many cardinals impressed by his ascending intellectual whom it had shown during the debates of the Council, wished to elect it pope. Twelve was voted in its favor, primarily coming from the party of the reform but it precipitately left Rome for an unknown destination in order to escape their choice.

January 19th, 1565, he died in Rome.

Works of Jacques Tease

Lainii Monumenta: Epistolae and Acta (8 vol.), IHSI, Madrid, 1912-17.
Disputationes Tridentinae published in 2 volumes in 1886.

Notes and references of the article

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