Jacques Parizeau

Jacques Parizeau (August 9th, 1930 with Montreal -) is a economist, a senior official and a Politician Québécois. He was the 26e Prime Minister for Quebec from September 26th, 1994 to January 29th, 1996.

As a Prime Minister, he is the craftsman of the referendum of October 30th, 1995 which rejected by a weak margin the project souverainist of which he was made the indéfectible defender since his adhesion with the Parti Québécois in 1969.

At the time of its eight years passage at the station of Minister for Finance of Quebec, he was the architect of the economic policy of the government of Rene Lévesque. He governed the emergence of a Québécois capitalism Francophone which he supported by in particular founding the Régime of saving-actions and by allowing the creation of the Solidarity funds of the FTQ. He guided also Quebec during the recession of the beginning of the Années 1980 and imposed temporary wage cuts on the employed State, a factor which contributed to the defeat of the Québécois Party to the Québécois general election of 1985.

As high clerk of the State, it was closely related to several of the initiative-headlight of the Quiet revolution: the nationalization of electricity, the abolition of the monopoly of the loan syndicates Toronto is on the emission of the obligations of the government of Quebec, the creation of the Case of deposit and placement of Quebec and the installation of the Governed revenues of Quebec.

Biography

Wire of Gerard Parizeau and Germaine Biron, Jacques Parizeau is also the great-grandson of Damase Dalpé (known as Parizeau), appointed with the legislative Assemblée of Quebec of 1892 with 1897. Graduate of the High commercial studies of Montreal, of the Institute of political studies of Paris and of the Faculty of Law of Paris, Jacques Parizeau off obtains finally the title of Ph.D. of the London School Economics.

Partisan of the intervention of the state in economy, it is one of the most important advisers of the government of Quebec during the Années 1960, playing a big role in slides during the Quiet revolution, in particular in the nationalization of Hydro-Quebec and in the creation of the Régime of the revenues of Quebec. He was economic council near the Prime Ministers Jean Lesage (Liberal party of Quebec) and Daniel Johnson (National union) and one of the main actors of the creation of the General society of financing (SGF) in 1962 and of the Caisse of deposit and placement of Quebec (CDPQ) in 1965.

Initially in favor of federalism Canadian, Jacques Parizeau, as it becomes aware of the economic situation of Quebec, of the possibility that this one is freed from the remainder of the Canada and acquires a greater autonomy on the world political scene and within the multinational economic units, becomes souverainist and joint the Parti Québécois on September 19th, 1969.

Political life

Candidate demolishes with the general elections of 1970 and 1973, Jacques Parizeau is made elect with the elections of November 1976 under the banner of this party and becomes Minister for Finance, posts that it will occupy until in 1984. Parizeau plays a big role in the Référendum of 1980 in Quebec, defending the proposal of the government pequist for sovereignty-association, i.e. the political Indépendance of the Quebec opposite the Canada supplied with an economic association.

Jacques Parizeau was professor with the High Studies Commercial of 1955 with 1976. He goes back there after 1984, year when he breaks with Rene Lévesque and its idea of Beau risks : Lévesque had moved away from the idea to carry out the independence of Quebec in the short run and was rather occupied to control it, giving a last chance to the Canadian Fédéralisme by favorably accommodating the reform project constitutional under consideration by the first federal minister Brian Mulroney. Jacques Parizeau, like several of his colleagues, oppose this change of orientation. He and six other ministers leave the the Council of Ministers at the end of November 1984. Rene Lévesque withdraws him also shortly after and will be replaced by Pierre Marc Johnson.

In 1987, Pierre-Marc Johnson leaves the direction of the Parti Québécois after having been demolishes at the time of the election of 1985. Jacques Parizeau is elected to replace it as a chief of the party on March 19th, 1988 and it becomes Chef of the official opposition on November 28th, 1989. He denounces initially mollesse government of Bourassa, particularly in the constitutional field, then ultimement “tightens the hand with (S) one Prime Minister” following the Déclaration of June 22nd, 1990. In 1992, the Prime Minister Bourassa makes amend the law 150 which, noting the failure of the Accord of the lake Meech, envisages the behavior of a referendum on the sovereignty of Quebec, and in makes change the wording so that the popular consultation relates to the ratification of the Accord of Charlottetown, by which Quebec revises with the fall its requirements. The populations of Quebec and Canada reject the agreement and Jacques Parizeau becomes Prime Minister less than two years later.

Jacques Parizeau, Prime Minister

In 1994, Jacques Parizeau leads the Parti Québécois to the electoral victory, forming a majority Gouvernement and becoming Prime Minister for Quebec. Parizeau promises to hold a referendum on the sovereignty of Quebec in the first year of its mandate and, in spite of multiple objections, respects the promised bill book. The date of the referendum is fixed for on October 30th, 1995. The support with sovereignty is located at the beginning with approximately 40% in the opinion polls. As the countryside advances, however, the supports with the option of “Yes” increase. In spite of that, the option souverainist reaches a maximum, and Parizeau been the subject of pressures to associate the services of Lucien Bouchard, the popular chief of the Québécois Bloc by naming it " negotiator in chef" from Quebec additional clause victory of the " Oui". Jacques Parizeau thus agrees to play a supporting role for the continuation of the countryside.

The night of the October 30th, the Quebec was to a few thousands of votes close reaching the Indépendance, but “Yes” loses all the same, “Not” having collected 50,6 % of the voices. The evening of the defeat, the speech of Jacques Parizeau comprises some bitter sentences about {{quotation|the money and of the ethnic votes}} (criticizing especially thus the illegal expenditure engaged by the federalistic forces of “Not” and the ethnoculturelles communities for their massive rejection of the souverainist project), and speaks about Us , i.e. the French-speaking people who had voted “Yes”, informant that this majority group, for the first time, was not any more afraid of political independence. Sixty percent of the Québécois French-speaking people (who account for 80% of the Québécois population) had voted “Yes”, which proved in spite of very insufficient so that Quebec reaches its sovereignty.

Jacques Parizeau is strongly criticized for his comments, which it describes later as unhappy and deserving the disapproval with which they are accommodated. Being given the defeat chief clerk and its comments, he resigns as chief of the Québécois Party and Prime Minister for Quebec the following day.

A few weeks later, the French daily newspaper Le Monde reveals the collaboration tied between Jacques Parizeau and the former French president Valery Giscard d'Estaing, to help the souverainists to proclaim the legal independence of Quebec 10 days only after the results of the poll.

Parizeau leaves the policy

Jacques Parizeau is replaced by Lucien Bouchard with the direction of the Parti Québécois and the government Quebec on January 29th, 1996. Private citizen, it continues to comment on the political situation, in particular the slowness of new the government Bouchard and his hesitations in the promotion of the independence of Quebec. Moreover, it acts as regular lecturer and particularly appreciated near the young people in the institutions of teaching of Quebec.

Its biographer is Pierre Duchesne (Three volumes, Éditions Quebec America).

In 2003, supposed declarations of Jacques Parizeau, conveyed by daily newspaper trifluvien Short story writer (declarations which proved thereafter without base), made run off the line the countryside of Bernard Landry during the debate of the chiefs.

With the elections of 2007, Jacques Parizeau supports the Parti Québécois, then directed by André Boisclair, which undergoes the defeat.

Private life

Jacques Parizeau was already married with Alice Parizeau (Poznanska of its girl's name), a woman of letters, Journaliste and Québécois criminologist of Polish origin . In 1992, is two years after the death of this one, Jacques Parizeau was remarié with Lisette Lapointe, which, at the time of the general election of 2007, was presented in the form of a candidate of the Parti Québécois in the district Crémazie. The shortly after this poll, Lisette Lapointe became Député E of this district.

Quotations

… One was beaten by a few tens of thousands of voice. Does Ben in this time what one make? One spits oneself in the hands and worse one r' starts!
It is true, it is true that one was beaten, at the bottom, by what? By the money then ethnic votes, primarily. Then, that wants to say that, the next time, instead of being 60 or 61% to vote “Yes”, one will be 63 or 64% and that will be enough.
My God, I botterais behind of whoever in Quebec which could not speak English. Indeed, at our time, small people as we must speak it.
I did not enter in policy to work sixteen hours per day and to be a Minister for Finance of a province. I work to become Minister for Finance of a country (1985 at the time of its resignation of the Lévesque cabinet)

Notes and references of the article

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