Jacques Ier of England

See also: Jacques Ier

Jacques Stuart ( James Stuart or Stewart or Seumas Stiubhart in Scottish) (June 18th 1566 - March 27th 1625 it dies at the 58 years age), initially king of Scotland under the name of Jacques VI starting from 1567, he was also king of England and Ireland under the name of Jacques Ier starting from 1603 (he was king d' Angleterre during 22 years), thus succeeding Elisabeth I {{Re}}.

He is the son of Marie Stuart, queen of the Scot and its second husband Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley (1545-1567) (or of David Rizzio, private secretary of the Queen). This one abdicated in its favor the July 24th 1567. Jacques VI having hardly more than one year during his crowning the July 29th 1567, regency will be assumed of 1567 with 1570 by James Stuart Count de Moray, illegitimate half-brother of his mother, then, after the assassination of this last, the January 11th 1570, by Matthew Stewart (4th count de Lennox) until his death the September 4th 1571, by John Erskine, count de Mar until his death the October 29th 1572 and finally by James Douglas, count de Morton until his execution it June 2nd 1581.

Partisan convinced of the Absolutism of divine Right, it established itself of it the justification in works published before his accession with the throne of England like The true Law off free monarchies (1599). With London, Jacques Ier wants to reinforce his capacity by taking support on the Religion Anglican, which makes of the king the chief of the national Church. He comes from there to persecute the Catholique S and the Puritain S. The latter start to emigrate in mass towards the Nouveau World. By the Conspiracy of the powders, the catholics, as for them, try to get rid of the king, in vain. In the last years of his reign, Jacques Ier increases hatreds against his person by granting his confidence to a Favori méprisable, beautiful George Villiers, future duke of Buckingham. Jacques Ier dies on March 27th, 1625.

Beginning of the English reign

Jacques Ier took for first adviser Robert Cecil, count de Salisbury and wire of Lord Burghley, which had to moderate the expenditure of the king, who had affirmed his will to reign as an absolute monarch of divine Droit in his work The True Law off Free Monarchies . Jacques Ier had to face the religious problems of the country: the Puritains presented a petition in favor of the religious tolerance to him. In 1604, during the conference of Hampton Court, it made only one concession: it allowed an official translation of the Bible known under the name of King James Version . The same year, it signs the treated of London which puts an end to the Anglo-Spanish war (1585 - 1604)

The Conspiracy of the powders of 1605, prepared by a group of catholic anarchistic (?) aimed at killing out of only one blow the king of England protesting Jacques I {{er}}, its family and most of the Aristocratie while exploding a bomb against the House of Lords during the opening ceremony of the Parliament. The plot nevertheless was ventilated and entreated and their chief were hung and quartered.

The conflict with the Parliament

After having practically entrusted the capacity in 1618, with the noble young person George Villiers, whom it makes duke of Buckingham, it works out a theory on the absolutism of divine right. Consequently, it should respect the laws and habits of the kingdom, and thus rest on the Parlement. But this limited king, endeavors to join together it less and less regularly. For example, the direct taxes for which the vote of the Parliament is necessary, does not intervene whereas for less 10%.Ainsi while trying to decrease the privileges of the Parliament, it loses its support and its popularity near its people.

August 1st

Descent

Towards 1589, Jacques Ier marries Anne of Denmark, with which it has 8 children:

Henri-Frederic (February 19th, 1594 - November 6th, 1612) 1st prince de Galles, dies at the seventeen years age.
Elisabeth of England (August 19th, 1596 - February 13rd, 1662), wife in 1613 Frederic V king de Bohême (dynasty of Hanover).
Margarette Stuart (December 24th, 1598 - March 1600)
Charles, prince de Galles (November 19th, 1600 - January 30th, 1649) which succeeds his/her father under the name of Charles I {{er}} and which marries in 1625 Henriette de France (1609-1669)
Robert, duke of Kintyre and Lorne (February 18th, 1602 - May 27th, 1602)
(wire not baptized) (May 1603 - May 1603)
Mary Stuart (April 8th, 1605 - December 16th, 1607)
Sophia Stuart (June 2nd, 1606 - June 28th, 1606)

Jacques Ier remarie with Lady Frances Howard.

Anecdotes

the first permanent British colony on the American continent was named Jamestown in its honor (literally town of Jacques ).

Internal bonds

Simple: James I off England

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