Jacques Ier d\' Aragon

See also: Jacques Ier

Jacques Ier says the Conqueror (Catalan: Jaume I el Castilian Conqueridor : Jaime I el Conquistador ), born the February 2nd 1208 with Montpellier, dead the July 27th 1276 with Valence (Spain), king of Aragon, count of Barcelona and lord of Montpellier starting from 1213, king of the Kingdom of Majorque starting from 1229 and of the Valence starting from 1232.

Wire of the king Pierre II the '' Catholique '' (v. 1176 - 1213) and of Marie (v. 1181 - 1213), lady of Montpellier. He is the only child surviving of the couple. The year of his five years, his/her father dies in the Bataille of Low wall, leaving it only heir to the territories of the Couronne of Aragon. The child is already for some time with the hands of Simon IV of Montfort, the winner of Low wall. In 1214, Simon de Montfort agrees under the pressure of the pope to return it to the Catalans. According to the will of Marie of Montpellier, he is entrusted in 1215 to the Templiers, which raise it with the castle of Monzón at the same time as his/her cousin the count Raymond Bérenger V of Provence. During all its childhood, the regency of the crown of Aragon is ensured by its great-uncle the count Sanche, then by the son of this last, Nuno Sanche.

It gains its nickname of conqueror by forwardings which it carries out within the framework of the Reconquista; conquest of Majorque in 1229, conquest of Borriana in 1233, Ibiza in 1235, of Valence in 1238, in 1242 and Murcie in 1265. In 1262, it shares its possessions in two units, intended for each one of its sons. The elder one, the infant Pierre, receives the kingdoms of Aragon and Valence, as well as the Comté of Barcelona. The junior, the infant Jacques, receives the Royaume of Majorque, the county of Roussillon and Cerdagne and the Seigneurie of Montpellier. The same year, it Marie infant it Pierre with Constancy, the girl of Manfred de Hohenstaufen, king de Sicile, ensuring him of the rights on the island.

Jacques the Conqueror reinforces the royal capacity by carrying out with firmness the standardization of the right in each territory of the crown of Aragon. He thus charges the bishop with Osca, Vidal de Canyelles, to codify the common law of the kingdom of Aragon, company which ends at the time of the the Cortes of Osca of 1247, which impose a single right to the kingdom above the specific rights. In Catalonia, in fact the Uses of Barcelona are essential little by little on all the country. Finally in the kingdom of Valence, the king grants an ordinance of government in 1251, revised in 1271, the Foris and consuetudines Valentiae . In addition, it develops the system of the corts or the Cortes , of the kinds of general Parliaments, bringing together noble, ecclesiastical and town delegates around the king. Each kingdom of the crown has its clean corts , exepté the kingdom of Majorque, which sends delegates to the corts of Catalonia.

In the field of the foreign policy, it signs with the future Saint Louis the Traité of Corbeil of 1258, which fixes the border between the kingdom of France and the crown of Aragon at the Corbières. Saint Louis gives up straight of suzerainty on the counties of Barcelona, Roussillon and Cerdagne. Jacques Ier gives up straight on the counties of Languedoc, except for the seigniory of Montpellier which comes to him from his/her mother.

He dies in 1276 at the time of a campaign against the revolted Moslems of Valence. He is buried with, the Pantheon of the Catalan kings.

He leaves memories of his reign in the Book of the Facts ( Llivre dels feïts ), written with the first anybody as a Catalan.

Marriages and descent

The February 6th 1221, it marries, in first weddings, Aliénor de Castille (1202 - 1244), marriage cancelled in 1229, and from which is resulting:

In 1235, it marries, in second weddings, Yolande of Hungary (v. 1215-1251), girl of André II (1175 - 1235), king de Hongrie, and of Yolande de Courtenay (1200 - 1233).

In a will of 1262, it shares its fields into two: the elder one of its sons with Yolande of Hungary, infant it Pierre receives the kingdoms of Aragon and of Valence and the county of Barcelona, it is the future Pierre III of Aragon, the junior, infant it Jacques receives the kingdom of Majorque, the counties of Roussillon and of Cerdagne and the seigniory of Montpellier, it is the future Jacques II of Majorque. This division effective only with did not die of Jacques Ier in 1276.

It had four other children of this second union:

  • infant it Sanche (death in 1275), was archbishop of Tolède
  • the infante Violating (v. 1236 - 1300), married in 1249 with Alphonse X (1221 - 1284), king de Castille and of León and candidate for the Germanic Roman empire
  • the infante Constance (dead in 1270), married in 1260 with Manuel of Castille (1234 - 1283), lord of Peñafiel and Escalona
  • the infante Isabelle (1247 - 1271), queen of France (1270 - 1271) by its marriage (1262) with the future Philippe III of France (1245 - 1285), known as Philippe Bold the

He had moreover the many bastard ones of which:

  1. Ferdinand Sanxis de Castre, baron de Castre, dead in 1275, wire of White of Antillon
  2. Pierre Ferrandis d' Híxar, baron d' Híxar, died in 1297, wire of Berengere Ferrandis
  3. Jacques, baron de Xérica, died in 1283, wire of Therese Gil de Vidaura
  4. Pierre, baron d' Ayerbe, died in 1318, wire of Therese Gil de Vidaura

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