See also: Jacques II

Jacques Stuart (James), born the October 14th 1633 with the Palate of Saint-James (London), dead the September 16th 1701 with Saint-Germain-in-Bush hammer (Yvelines, France), was King d' Angleterre ( Jacques II of England ) and of Scotland ( Jacques VII of Scotland ) of 1685 with 1689.

It is the 3rd wire of the king Charles I {{er}} and of the queen, born Henriette de France, girl of Henri IV of France. He is also the first cousin of the king de France Louis XIV, and one of his sisters, Henriette of England, wife Philippe de France, Duc of Orleans, brother of the known as Louis XIV.

The January 27th 1644, it is made Duc of York, title traditionally conferred to the surviving second wire of the English sovereigns.

It succeeds his brother Charles II, died without surviving legitimate descent the February 6th 1685. He is crowned in the Abbaye of Westminster the April 23rd 1685, without however lending oath towards the crown of Scotland.

The November 24th 1659, with Breda (Netherlands), it marries in first weddings Anne Hyde (1637-1671) (girl of the 1st count de Clarendon), which gives him eight children, whose only two girls survive, the future queens Marie II of England and Anne Ire of Great Britain.

Widower, it marries in second weddings, the November 21st 1673, Marie of Modena (Modena 1658 - Paris 1718), catholic princess (girl of Alphonse III of Este-Modena, duke of Modena), of which it has six children of which two survive: Jacques François Edouard Stuart (1688-1766) and Louise Marie Therese Stuart (1692-1712).

the Glorious Revolution

Its conversion with the Catholicism (at a nonknown date, and without being imitated by the two surviving girls of its first bed), then, after its advent, favors granted to the minority Churches (to which the Catholic church), the reception of an apostolic nuncio in London and the birth of a male heir in 1688 (with the prospect for a catholic dynasty) complete to alienate to him the sympathy of part of its subjects (it is shown to have substituted a son, Jacques François Stuart, for a dead child). The large lords turn then to his daughter Marie and her husband William of Orange, chief of the Dutch armies. They unload in 1688, involving the escape of Jacques II, without fighting, the December 11th 1688 then its formal deposition the next month. It finds refuge near his first cousin Louis XIV, like many its partisans (the Jacobites).

To counter the League of Augsburg (England, United Provinces, Austria, states of Germany, Spain), Louis XIV tries to replace Jacques II on the throne and thus to move the war in England, without success, in spite of an unloading in Ireland, where Jacques II undergoes a military defeat such as it removes any hope to him to find its throne.

Jacques II dies the September 16th 1701 with the Château of Saint-Germain-in-Bush hammer. Its body is buried in the parish church of Saint-Germain-in-Bush hammer.

Exiled the stuartists would have contributed to found several maconnic cabins in Europe.

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See too

History of England - History of Scotland - Second English revolution - Jacobitisme

Simple: James II off England

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