Jacques François Stuart

See also: Saint-Georges

Jacques François Edouard Stuart says the knight of Saint-George (June 20th 1688, Saint-Jacob palate of London - 1766, Palais Balestra, Rome), was Prince de Galles of 1688 to 1689.

Wire of the king Jacques II from England and Ireland and VII of Scotland (1633-1701) and its 2nd wife, the Marie princess of Modena (1658-1718).

Heir with died to its father of the rights of Stuarts to the thrones of England, Scotland and Ireland, it was proclaimed king " Jacques III of England and Ireland and VIII of Écosse" the September 16th 1701 with the castle of Saint-Germain-in-Bush hammer where he lives with his court made up mainly of Scot and English who recognize it like their sovereign. On a European scale only France, Spain, Modena, as well as the Holy See recognize it for king d' Angleterre, of Scotland and Ireland.

Supported by Louis XIV, it takes part in the countryside of Flandres in 1708-1709 (Bataille of Malplaquet in 1709) at the sides of the grandsons of the king. France tries to organize its unloading in Scotland to raise the country but an attempt in 1708 does not even enable him to unload. The Treated of Utrecht in the 1713 constrained king of France to refuse asylum to him. In February 1713, Jacques Stuart thus settles with Bar-le-Duc capital of Barrois where it carries out the beautiful life, attending the duke of Lorraine Léopold Ier and his/her parents with the Château of Lunéville and Commercy.

In 1715, intending to benefit from the dissatisfaction caused by the advent with George Ier with Hanover on the British and Irish thrones, the jacobites try to foment a new rising with the support of Henry Bolingbroke which lost any credit after the death of the Anne queen. This new attempt, known under the name of The Fifteen in the British history, is financed by Spain and profits from French complicities in the absence of an official help but when " Jacques VIII and III" (as he is known by its members in Scotland) unloads in Scotland in the north of Aberdeen on December 22nd, 1715 (anc. style), it is to discover that the army raised by the count de Mar mainly dispersed following the dubious battle of Sheriffmuir on November 10th. Patient, not very sure of him, " Jacques VIII and III" must flee again in front of the arrival of a British army ordered by Argyll whereas it prepared its crowning of king d' Écosse: he re-embarks for France on February 4th, 1715.

After this failure, the " Prétendant" old man; - as historiography whig indicates it to distinguish it from his/her Charles-Edouard son called the Young Applicant - must be also solved to leave its Lorraine refuge because a diplomatic pressure is exerted on the duke Léopold. Jacques Stuart finds refuge in Avignon before gaining Rome in 1717.

In 1719, a new attempt to restore it, constant by the Spain, fails: the fleet which was to take it along is dispersed and ruined by a storm with broad of the course Finisterre while in Scotland an army jacobite is crushed in the master key of Glenshiel. This episode, baptized The Nineteen is the last attempt at " Jacques III and VIII" (as he is known by its members with the outside of Scotland) to recover its States in person. His/her oldest son (even according to) will be with the head of the very last attempt in 1745 - 1746 in the name of the king " Jacques III and VIII" with the commission of " Prince de Galles, Prince regent and Lieutenant of Royaumes".

Of return to Rome, he marries with the episcopal palate of Montefiascone (in the north of Rome) the September 3rd 1719 the princess Clémentine Sobieska (1702-1735), grand-daughter of the king Jean III of Poland. They had two wire:

  • Charles Edouard Louis Jean (1720-1788), known as Bonnie Prince Charlie , which was claimed king under the name of Charles III .
  • Henri Benoit Marie Clement (1725-1807), cardinal, which was claimed king under the name of Henri IX .

See too

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