Jacques Ellul

Jacques Ellul , (January 6th 1912 with Bordeaux - May 19th 1994 with Pessac after a long illness) is a thinker, historian, theologist and Sociologue French.

Biography

Studies and university career

After its studies of right, in 1936, it presents its thesis of Doctorat in right entitled Étude on the evolution and legal nature of Mancipium . It is then part-time lecturer to the Faculty of Law of Montpellier, then Strasbourg and Clermont-Ferrand, before being revoked in 1940 as wire from abroad. It makes a success of the contest of aggregation of Roman law and history of the right in 1943. Of 1944 with 1980, date of its departure to the retirement, it teaches with the Université of Bordeaux and Sciences Po Bordeaux (IEP): in particular history of the institutions and social history with the Faculty of Law.

Principal theses and engagements

After a revelation at 18 years which will put it on the track of the Christianisme, and a thorough reading of Karl Marx at 19 years, Jacques Ellul made of the studies of right. Its first engagements are in mobility personalist of the Non-conformistes of the Thirties, while animating with Bordeaux, with his/her friend Bernard Charbonneau, a group in connection with the review Esprit and new Ordre groups it.

The company technician

It is the most known face of its thought thanks to Aldous Huxley which discovers and makes known the technique, or the stake of the century in the United States.

He undertakes, with Bernard Charbonneau, a reflection and research task on the evolution of the modern society, by noting that the disappearance of the traditional rural world is accompanied by an increasing technicisation and a standardization of the man like his medium. All its intellectual life and its engagements will be devoted methodically to analyze the multiple consequences of this “large moult” by anticipating number of the interrogations of the reflection ecologist.

He undertook a study criticizes very complete of what he called “the company technician” - technique being according to him the determining factor of the modern society - in particular in a trilogy on the technique, in which he develops his thesis, examples with the support and while following the evolution of the technical phenomenon; thesis according to which the technique car-increases, imposing its values of effectiveness and technological advance, denying the man, his needs, his culture, as well as nature.

Other work

Sociology not being its only field, its work is shared between work which it undertook as a Théologie N, Historien and Sociologue, some would say it even Philosophe although it was not defined as tel.

Since 1945, he writes several articles in the newspaper protesting " Réforme" , which devotes to him one except series in 2004.

Anarchistic militant near to the thought Situationniste, but also subtle commentator of the thought and the Marxist drifts, it contributed to the installation of the political écologisme, like with reflections on a Christian Anarchisme. One as owes him of many theological work on the aspects subversive and liberators of the Évangile, as on “perversion” as the Christian revelation would have undergone, like for example an interpretation of the Apocalypse and a reflection on the ethical and the hope.

One can consider it, with his friend Ivan Illich like one of the fathers of the idea of After-development, reasoned decrease and voluntary Simplicité, or, more simply, of the ecology policy.

Jacques Ellul also passed the end of his life to denounce the total incompatibility of the Judeo-Christianity of a side and Islam of the other.

Quotations

“It is now the technique which performs the choice ipso facto, without remission, without possible discussion between the means to use… The man (nor the group) can decide to follow such way rather only the technical way…. or it decides to use of the means traditional or personal… and then its means are not effective, they will be choked or eliminated, or it decides to accept the technical need, it will overcome… subjected in an irremediable way to technical slavery. there is thus absolutely no freedom of choice. ” the system technician Calmann-Levy, 1977 p. 245 and sv.
“It is not the technique which controls us but crowned transferred to the technique (...) It is not the State which controls us (...), it is its sacral transfiguration (...)” new had the , Paris, Fayard, 1973, p. 259.
“I showed unceasingly the technique as being autonomous, I never said that it could not be controlled. ” To change revolution , Paris, Threshold, 1982, p. 224.
“By spiritual conviction, I am not only not violent one but I am for the not-power. It is surely not an effective technique. (...) But it is here that for me the faith intervenes. (...) One cannot create a company right with unjust means. One cannot create an free society with means of slaves. It is for me the center of my thought. ” Patrick Chastenet, Discussions with Jacques Ellul , Paris, the Roundtable, 1994, p. 52.
“More I studied, and more I included/understood the biblical message seriously (and Biblical entirely, not “soft” the message of Jesus!) the more I met the impossibility of an obedience serf in the State, and the more I saw in this Bible the orientations towards some Anarchisme. anarchism appears to me, in its field Politique the conviction nearest to the biblical thought. ” Anarchie and Christianisme , Ateliers of Libertarian Creation, 1998, Introduction
“When we really take with serious the concrete situation men and women of our time, that we will have heard their cry of anguish and that we will have included/understood why they do not want a our Gospel désincarné; when we take part in their suffering, carnal and spiritual, with their despair, their abandonment; when we become interdependent of our compatriots and our universal Église, like Moïse and Jérémie of their people, like Jesus of wandering crowd, herd without shepherd, then our voice will be able to announce the word of God. But not front! It is not the Word which must change and bring another thing to them, it is their situation. Need for the revolution in a world where it became impossible, and for a revolution which tackles the underlying structures of a civilization of which all the efforts tend towards this single goal: to transform into pourceaux all the human beings, which cannot any more this fact of receiving the pearls of the Writing. Need for a redécouverte of the direction of the human activity, situation of the means and ends, of their true place in an entire world delivered to the spirit of power, with the disordered state, with the pride of means without terminals and which absorb us without possible reserve. As long as solidarity between Christians will not be translated in a help to make it possible each one to find a balance of life, to seek a lifestyle where really its faith is incarnated (not to avoid bursting hunger), it will be only one mot. And this only watch to which point this research can lead in paths unpleasant to our dear practices. But it is at this price which the good news of the hello as a Christ will be other thing that a human word among other human words…” Présence with the modern world , 1948, conclusion.

Work

the System technician Calmann-Levy 1977
'' Anarchie and Christianity '' first edition Libertarian Workshop of Creation, 1988
Islam and Judeo-Christianity , University Presses of France (PUF)
Study on the evolution and the legal nature of Mancipium . Bordeaux: Delmas, 1936.
the theological base of the right . Neuchâtel: Delachaux & Niestlé, 1946.
Presence with the modern world: Problems of civilization post-Christian woman . Geneva: Roulet, 1948. Lausanne: University Biblical presses, 1988.
the book of Jonas . Paris: Biblical books of Faith and Life, 1952.
the man and money (Nova and will vetera) . Neuchâtel: Delachaux & Niestlé, 1954. Lausanne: University Biblical presses, 1979.
technique or stake of the century . Paris: Armand Colin, 1954. Paris: Économica, 1990.
History of the institutions Paris: University presses of France; vol. 1 & 2,
Antiquity Paris: University presses of France, 1955, vol. 3,
the Middle Ages Paris: University presses of France, 1956, vol. 4.
the XVIe-XVIIIe century Paris: University presses of France, 1956, vol. 5
the XIXe century (1789– 1914) Paris: University presses of France; 1956.
Propaganda . Paris: A. Hake, 1962. Paris: Économica, 1990
Distorts presence with the modern world . Paris: Shepherds and Magi, 1963.
to want It and do it: Ethical research for the Christians: Introduction (first part) . Geneva: Labor and Fides, 1964.
the political illusion . Paris: Editions Robert Laffont, 1965. Rev. ED.: Paris: French General bookstore, 1977.
Interpretation of the new commonplaces . Paris: Calmann-Levy, 1966. Paris: The Political Roundtable, 1994.
of God, policies of the man . Paris: University editions, 1966.
History of propaganda . Paris: University presses of France, 1967,1976.
Metamorphosis of the middle-class man . Paris: Calmann-Levy, 1967. Paris: The Roundtable, 1998.
Autopsy of the revolution . Paris: Calmann-Levy, 1969.

Autopsia of the revolución Leading Unión, S.A., 1973

Against the violent ones . Paris: Centurion, 1972.

Countered los violentos Ediciones SM 1973.

Without fire nor place: Biblical significance of the Big city. Paris: Gallimard, 1975.
the impossible prayer . Paris: Centurion, 1971,1977.
Juvenile delinquents: An experiment in province . With Yves To cart. Paris: Mercure de France, 1971. 2ª ED.: Juvenile delinquents: Black wind-breakers with the hippies . Nantes: Editions of the AREFPPI, 1985.
Of the revolution to the revolts . Paris: Calmann-Levy, 1972.
the forgotten hope . Paris: Ethical Gallimard, 1972.
of freedom , 3 flights. Geneva: Labor and Fides, I: 1973, II: 1974, III: 1984
new had the . Paris: Arthème Beech, 1973.
Apocalypse: Structure moving . Paris: Desclée, 1975.
Treason of the Occident . Paris: Calmann-Levy, 1975.
the system technician . Paris: Calmann-Levy, 1977.
the Christian Marxist ideology . Paris: Centurion, 1979.
empire of the nonsense: Art and the company technician . Paris: Close Academics of France, 1980.
faith at the price of the doubt: " Still forty ..." days; Paris: Hatchet, 1980.
humiliated Word . Paris: Threshold, 1981.

palavered It humillada Ediciones SM, 1983.

Changer revolution: The inescapable proletariat . Paris: Threshold, 1982.
combat of freedom . (Volume 3, the Ethics of Freedom) Geneva: Labor and Fides, 1984. Paris: Centurion, 1984.
the subversion of Christianity . Paris: Threshold, 1984,1994. republication in 2001, the Roundtable;
Conference on the Apocalypse of Jean . Nantes: AREFPPI, 1985.
a Christian for Israel . Monaco: Editions of the Rock, 1986.
what I believe . Paris: Grasset and Fasquelle, 1987.
Genesis today . With François Tosquelles. Made lines: AREFPPI, 1987.
the raison d'être: Meditation on Ecclésiaste . Paris: Threshold, 1987
Anarchy and Christianity . Lyon: Libertarian workshop of Creation, 1988. Paris: The Roundtable, 1998
technological bluff . Paris: Hatchet, 1988.
This unjust God…?: Christian theology for the people of Israel . Paris: Arléa, 1991,1999.
If you are the Son of God: Sufferings and temptations of Jesus . Paris: Centurion, 1991.
Deviances and deviating in our intolerant company . Toulouse: Eras, 1992.
Silences: Poems . Bordeaux: Opals, 1995.
Oratorio: Four riders of the Apocalypse . Bordeaux: Opals, 1997.
Sources and Trajectories: Eight Early Articles by Jacques Ellul that Set the Training course . Trans. /ed. Marva J. Dawn. Large Rapids: Eerdmans, 1997.

the ciudad Leading Aurora, Buenos Aires, 1973
¿ possible Es the revolución? Leading Unión, S.A., 1974
the edad of the técnica Ediciones Octaedro, S.L., 2003
Razón of ser ED. Herder, 1988

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