Jacqueline Kennedy-Onassis

Jacqueline Herdsman-Kennedy-Onassis (born Jacqueline Lee Herdsman the July 28th 1929 in Southampton, New York, the United States - died on May 19th, 1994 with New York City) especially was known under the name of Jackie Kennedy like the woman of the 35e US president John F. Kennedy. Previously it had been Journaliste and editor in a American Publisher.

She married John F. Kennedy in 1953. Greeted for its style, its elegance, its charm and its way of presenting itself in public, it quickly became an icon within the Kennedy couple. It, in particular, embellished the White House. The image which will remain of Jackie, is that of this woman to the pink tailor stained of blood, leaning on her dying husband.

In 1968, it married in second weddings the ship-owner Greek billionaire Aristote Onassis, marriage considered by part of the people étasunien as an insult.

Biography

Family and origin

Jacqueline Lee Bouvier is born the July 28th 1929 in Southampton, on Long Island in the American State of New York. She is the elder one of the two girls of John Vernou Bouvier III (1891-1957) and of his wife Janet Norton Lee (1907-1989), married on July 7th 1928 and members of the New Yorkean Good company. His/her parents give him the first name of Jacqueline Lee in homage to James T. Lee, the father of Janet Lee, the richest member of the family. John Bouvier, who always carries the nickname “Black Jack” because of his Peau bronzed E and of his dark hair, is a financier of Irish ascent and French. His wife Janet Lee is a riding highly skilled, whose grandparents had left Ireland to settle in America at the time of the great famine of the Années 1840. In addition, the Herdsman are related in Van Salees, a family of traders of néerlando-African origin which had settled with the New Amsterdam at the XVIIe century and from which descend also the Entrepreneur Cornelius Vanderbilt and the actor Humphrey Bogart.

Childhood and youth

Caroline Lee Bouvier sister of Jacqueline Bouvier is born on March 3rd 1933. She is known today under the name of Caroline Lee Radziwill. The two Bouvier sisters receive a catholic education Its second husband, who has already two wire and a girl, had been married with the mother of the Romancier Gore Vidal.

Like her mother, Jacqueline Bouvier goes up well to Cheval, while starting as of the one year age, and is discovered a true passion for the horsemanship which will last all its life. She gains several competition like rider, so that she is even mentioned in an article of the NewYork Times . She spends also a year to the Sorbonne to Paris, where she still looks further into her passion for the French culture.

I liked this year more than any of my life. The fact that I was far from at home gave the chance to contemplate me of a cynical glance. I learned how not to be ashamed of a true passion for the studies; it was something which I had always tried to hide and when I turned over to mine I were happy to continue near them to study but with a passion for Europe from which I fear that it never leaves me.

To her return of France, Jacqueline Bouvier does not turn over to Vassar College but finishes her studies with the Université George Washington in 1951. At the end of those. Nevertheless, Jacqueline Bouvier becomes engaged in December with the young person Stockbroker John Husted Jr, but engagement is broken in March 1952, because Janet Lee, contrary to Black Jack Herdsman, does not appreciate the relation. Moreover, as they admitted later, been engaged did not take very upon serious this engagement.

The history of love between Jacqueline Herdsman and Kennedy, a star rising of the democratic party and twelve years its elder, begins two months later at the time of a festival organized by their friends. When their engagement is announced in June 1953, the couple starts to live with Georgetown, a district of Washington.

The day of her weddings, Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy declares that she wants to write a novel, but the duties imposed by its marriage prevent it from carrying out its project. As a wife of senator, it follows courses in American Histoire to the Georgetown university in 1954. It also deals with the translation of articles; in addition, it coédite actively the book “ Profiles in Courage ”, which had been written by John F. Kennedy and who gained the Prix Pulitzer in 1957.

Its relations with the Kennedy family were not always easy. Jacqueline Kennedy hates the competitive, sporting and a little rough side of this clan richissime which already gave several Politicien S and Diplomate S of foreground to the American nation. Moreover, the marriage is disturbed by the diseases and the inaccuracies of her husband, two problems which the general public is unaware of. However, Jacqueline Kennedy gets along well with her father-in-law Joseph Patrick Kennedy and her brother-in-law Robert Francis Kennedy. Joseph Kennedy in particular recognizes the assets of his Jacqueline daughter-in-law for the public relations.

Jacqueline Kennedy makes a miscarriage in 1955, while his wife gives rise to a child still-born child on August 23rd 1956: it is about a girl whom the couple would have liked to name Arabella, but which does not have a tomb with the national Cimetière of Arlington, where the other children will be buried.

Kennedy fears that his wife has never again of children; but it gives rise to Caroline Bouvier Kennedy on November 27th 1957, which works today like Juriste, écrivaine and editor. Kennedy was already elected president of the United States when his/her son John Fitzgerald Kennedy, Jr is born on November 25th 1960; during her birth, Jacqueline Kennedy fears for her survival Like her sister, John Fitzgerald Kennedy, Jr will direct herself towards the Droit; some in the Kennedy clan had projects for him and saw it one day chair like his/her father, but he will die in 1999 in a plane crash without to have made such a career. The last child of the couple is Patrick Bouvier Kennedy, born on August 7th 1963 and died on August 9th, 1963, not having developed the enough lungs. In spite of an intensive medical help, he dies thirty-nine hours after his birth. It however makes visit in Jacqueline the vast dependences of the White House. Jacqueline Kennedy, who had put at the world her son John two weeks before, is always weak, but Mamie Eisenhower does not propose a wheelchair to him. However, Jacqueline Kennedy does not have faintness during the visit, but will crumble as of her return to it. Later, Mamie Eisenhower will justify her behavior while declaring: “She did not ask it to me. ”

The January 20th 1961, Kennedy becomes president of the United States. His wife is from now on known under the name “Jackie” and carries the title of First lady of the United States. Jacqueline Kennedy does not have whereas 31 years, which does of it one of the youngest first ladies of the history étasunienne. Although it made main efforts to support it during its electoral campaigns, it does not interfere into the policy while her husband controls.

Work with the White House and its embellishment

Indeed, Jacqueline Kennedy, first lady of the United States, devotes herself to other tasks. She is not satisfied with the state in which Mamie Eisenhower left him the White House. She had not liked the interior installation of the building either when she had visited it for the first time in 1941. For this purpose, she announces the formation of a committee of the fine arts in February 1961.

She will be further while organizing subscriptions, while suspending the visits transitorily and reorganizing in a temporary way the life at the White House in order to polish work of restoration there. These reorganizations are deeply influenced by its love for the French culture which she had inherited her father. February 14th, 1962, it goes even until organizing for the people étasunien a virtual visit of the new apartments of this residence during a special program televised by CBS which will beat records of goes down for hearing. Jacqueline Kennedy also deals with the gardens in particular of the rosery and the garden of the east.

Official appearances

To be photographed or give interviews does not disturb it, but Jacqueline Kennedy fears that his/her children do not suffer from the attention that the media lend to them, so that it authorizes only very few photographs of her family. Her husband thinks differently and lets himself photograph freely with his children. Jacqueline Kennedy declared that it would be initially mother and wife and only then first lady. She also declared: “If you do not succeed in correctly raising your children, nothing of what you will make of good will have of importance. ”

When their first official visit takes them along to Paris in May and June 1961, her husband declares: “I am the man who accompanies Jackie Kennedy - and I tasted” Jacqueline Kennedy maintains good relationships with famous artists. During its visit in France, it becomes acquainted with André Malraux, the Ministre for the culture French of the time which will lend the Joconde to be exposed in Washington, that will be made in January 1963. In addition, Jacqueline Kennedy collaborates with Andy Warhol, which creates of it paintings in the same style as those that he made of Marilyn Monroe or of Elizabeth Taylor.

On the councils of John Kenneth Galbraith, Ambassador of the United States in India, Jacqueline Kennedy goes to India and to the Pakistan in March 1962, in company of his/her sister Lee Radziwill. With Lahore, the Pakistani president Ayub Khan offers a Arab Pur-sang to him named “Sardar”. During the same voyage, Jacqueline Kennedy becomes acquainted with the Iranian Impératrice Fara Diba. The film “the voyage in Asia of Jacqueline Kennedy” leaves universally in room on November 30th, 1962.

The assassination of the president

See also: Assassination of John F. Kennedy

After the death of her son junior Patrick Kennedy in August 1963, Jacqueline Kennedy prefers to remain at the White House rather than to appear in public. To slacken, it spends also much time at the edge of the the Mediterranean, where it meets for the first time its second husband Aristote Onassis who invites in October Jacqueline Kennedy, Lee Radziwill, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Jr and his wife on board sound Yacht “Christina”. The first public appearance of Jacqueline Kennedy following the death of Patrick takes place only on November 21st 1963, when it accompanies her husband with the Texas, for meetings within the framework of the countryside for its re-election. The following day, the couple crosses the town of Dallas sitted to the back of a limousine décapotée when the president is assassinated. Jacqueline Kennedy precipitates out of the car and slope towards the Bodyguard nearest. A few hours later, Lyndon B. Johnson, which had sat in the following car, like 36e Head of State. Jacqueline Kennedy is at her sides and always carries, in spite of the suggestion of Lady Bird Johnson, her pink costume Chanel splashed by blood with her husband. She even regrets to be washed the face and the hands, justifying its attitude by the fact that she wanted that people see what one had done with her husband. She also refuses to leave the corpse of her husband and she requires that two Prêtre S catholics remain beside him.

At the time of the burial of president Kennedy three days after his assassination, Jacqueline Kennedy and his two children assemble and descend the first the steps towards the entry of the Cathédrale. During the ceremony inside, it shows its emotion only at the time of the Ave Maria! of Schubert. At one time of the ceremony, his/her son John Fitzgerald Kennedy, Jr, makes the military salute, gesture which will remain famous, then it lights the flame of the memory to the national Cimetière of Arlington property of Onassis. Four months before, his/her Robert brother-in-law had been assassinated with Los Angeles and Jacqueline Onassis is afraid which the Kennedy are not continued by terrorists. She uses her new marriage like a beautiful occasion to leave the United States with her children. It will be noted that though her husband is orthodoxe, Jacqueline Onassis will not convert with the Orthodoxie when he dies on March 15th 1975 in France. This day, Jacqueline Onassis is in New York. The share of the heritage which will return to him had been very regulated by the marriage contract. Finally, it receives a Soulte which is estimated between 20 and 26 million dollars.

It is little of time after the death of Aristote Onassis, that Jacqueline Onassis meets the Belgian industrialist of origin Maurice Tempelsman. It will pass with him to New York the last years of its life. All the more prickly relation as Jacqueline Onassis tries to control the private life of her son John junior of which she disapproves the connection with the Actrice Daryl Hannah and the desire to become actor. On the other hand, his/her daughter Caroline Kennedy, Schlossberg wife, who married in 1986 fills it and brings three small children to him

Work

  • Jacqueline and Lee Herdsman, Special One Summer , B&T, 2006 - account of the voyage in Europe of Jacqueline Kennedy and Lee Radziwill in 1951

Homages

Commemorative places

  • In New York, the name of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis High School for International Careers was given to a college in 1995.
  • the principal tank of the Central Park was famous in its honor and is called the Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis Reservoir .
  • the south-eastern residence of the campus of the Université George Washington was famous Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis Hall .
  • Close to the White House, Lady Bird Johnson called a garden Jacqueline Kennedy Garden .

Musical references

Theatrical references

  • Jackie-O , an opera by Michael Daugherty - Houston Operated Studio with Houston, Texas, March 1997
  • Cirque Jacqueline by Andrea Reese - Triad Theater in New York, New York
  • Jackie, An American Life (Jackie, an American life) by Gip Hoppe - Wilber Theater with Boston, Massachusetts
  • Jackie Undressed (Jackie without clothing) by Andree Stolte - Eagles Dare Theater in New York, July 2005
  • The Secret Letters off Jackie & Marilyn (secret letters of Jackie & Marilyn) per Mark Hampton and Michael Sharp - O' Reilly Theater with Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
  • The First Lady (the first lady) by Hermann van Veen and Lori Spee

Cinematographic references

  • 1981: Jacqueline Herdsman Kennedy by Steve Gethers, with Jaclyn Smith
  • 1983: Kennedy by Jim Goddard, with Blair Brown
  • 1987: LBJ: The Early Years (LBJ: First years) per Peter Warner, with Robin Curtis
  • 1991: has Woman Named Jackie (a named woman Jackie) by Larry Peerce, with Roma Downey
  • 1992: Coils Field (Field of love) by Jonathan Kaplan, with Rhoda Griffs
  • 2000: Jackie Herdsman Kennedy Onassis by David Burton Morris, with Joanne Whalley
  • 2000: Thirteen Days (Thirteen days) by Roger Donaldson, with Stephanie Romanov
  • 2001: Jackie, Ethel, Joan: The Woman off Street pedlar (women of Street pedlar) by Larry Shaw, with Jill Hennessy
  • 2002: Timequest (Against time) by Robert Dyke, with Whim Benedetti
  • 2003: America' S Prince: The John F. Kennedy, Jr. Story (the prince of America: History of John F. Kennedy, Jr) by Eric Laneuville, with Jacqueline Bisset

Appendices

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