Jack the eventror

Jack the eventror (in English, Jack the Ripper ) is the name of a Serial killer English of the end of the 19th century, of which forever proven identity. Perhaps the nickname passed to the posterity comes from the assassin himself, but more probably from the imagination of a journalist. Jack the eventror assassinated five wildly prostitutes poor district of Whitechapel, with London in 1888. The mystery which surrounds the identity and mobiles of the killer (or of the killers) intrigued many investigators and inspired by many authors and artists.

The origin of the mystery

The first Assassinat that of Mary Ann Nichols, found cut the throat of and is broken (but not éviscérée) in a street of Whitechapel the August 31st 1888. The last, with a louder and louder growing degree of horror, that of Mary Jane Kelly, found is terribly mutilated in its room the November 9th of the same year.

The victims of Jack the eventror had as a common point to be occasional prostitutes working with Whitechapel (East End), one of the poorest districts of London. Except for the last, old of hardly 25 years, the majority were women of ripe age, around forty.

The number and the nature of the victims constitute today still a enigma for the investigators: for which reason the assassin does choose it prostitutes? Why did it stop after the fifth murder? Why this last murder held was under such conditions?

Procedure

The first four crimes took place in public places or semi-public; pavements or course of buildings. Indeed, at the time, the acts of Prostitution took place neither with the Hôtel nor in the private apartments, but during the night, in a court of building or a passage deprived between two buildings, even at the end of a dead end.

The victims were cut the throat of, probably by behind; then the eventror opened the abdomen and withdrew the Viscères from them (Intestins, kidneys, Utérus), to then lay out them on the corpse or to carry them. Some were sent to the police force, accompanied by “Letters of Jack”. The precision with which the victims were éviscérées and the fact that the Meurtre S took place during the night, in nonenlightened places, at least indicate that the killer had a certain surgical expertise or bouchère or, all, a good culture having enabled him to study books of Anatomie.

One of its victims, Elizabeth Stride, was cut the throat of, but not éviscérée: the analysts estimate that Jack the eventror probably could not carry out its act in the long term.

The last victim, Mary Jane Kelly, had right on the other hand to a " traitement" private individual. Probably owing to the fact that it was the only one with being killed in a closed place (the murder took place in its apartment, with Miller' S Court), it was completely éviscérée (its bodies were scattered around it in its apartment and its Cœur was never found) and almost dismembered.

Victims

  • the official victims : Mary Ann Nichols, Annie Chapman, Elizabeth Stride, Catherine Eddowes and Marie Kelly.
  • supposed victims of Jack the eventror: Alice McKenzie, known as “Clay Pipe”, born towards 1849, found cut the throat of the July 17th 1889 in Castle Alley and Frances Adhesives, said “Carrotty Nell”, born towards 1865, found the throat cut the February 13rd 1891 with Swallows Gardens. The August 7th 1888 in the morning, three weeks before the first murder " officiel" , another prostitute Marta Tabram was found stabbed of 38 blows of Couteau and a blow of another Knife which one supposes being a bayonet, on the first floor of a building the Georges Yard Building, located almost at the geographical center of the five other murders " officiels" of Jack the eventror. According to the report/ratio of autopsy, the assassin had baited himself on the belly, the centres and the genitals. There is no proof that Jack the eventror is the assassin, but the police force of the time strongly thought it.

The facts " intéressants" are: the victim (a prostitute), the eagerness of the attacker, the place and the knife used. There is no mutilation. On the other hand, the five murders of Jack the eventror growing louder and louder in the horror, this one would come in first.
  • not very probable victims: Annie Milwood, victim of an aggression the February 25th 1888, hospitalized, and died the March 3rd 1888, Ada Wilson, victim of an aggression the March 28th 1888, it survived and Elizabeth Jackson, prostitute whose body was discovered, parcelled out, in the the Thames between the May 31st and the June 25th 1889.

Proven victims

Mary Ann Nichols, known as “Polly”

Born Walker the August 26th 1845 in London, married to William Nichols and mother of five children, it was separated from her husband since 1882. It was killed in the night of the August 31st 1888, at the 42 years age and was incinerated in the cemetery of Ilford the September 6th 1888.

Its body was found between 3 a.m. 30 and 3 hours 45 of the morning in Buck' S Row, the sliced throat, the lacerated Langue and the notched Abdomen; its Genitals was also deeply notched. The autopsy revealed in addition that the assassin was a Gaucher, fact which will be contradicted later by many criminologist S.

The newspapers of the time, daily filled of articles on assassinated, mutilated women or burned alives, regarded this case as “strange”, thus putting the finger on the characteristic of the procedure of the killer.

Annie Chapman, known as “Dark Annie”

Born Eliza Anarchist Smith in September 1841 in London, married to John Chapman in 1869 and mother of two girls, it was killed saturdays September 8th 1888 in the morning, in an interior court of number 29 of Hanbury Street. It was incinerated the September 14th 1888 in Manor Park.

Its body was found lying with ground, the distinct throat and the head almost separated from the body. The Ventre was opened and the Intestins deposited on the right shoulder of the victim, while the Vagin, the Utérus and two thirds of the Vessie had been taken. With his feet, one discovered some coins of Monnaie and an envelope out of paper carrying the date of the August 20th.

A witness, inhabitant of the building, affirmed to have heard a woman shout “ not ” but acknowledged not to have had courage to look by the window. The following day, a little girl informed the police force which she had seen, some houses further, a puddle pool of Sang: the police officers declared that it was probably about a trace left by the killer whereas he carried the Organes taken on the victim. A few days later, the police officers stopped a butcher Juif district, John Pizer, while basing themselves on the fact that a piece of apron of Cuir would have been found on the spot of the crime. It however was quickly established that this piece of leather did not have any bond with the crime: it belonged to a tenant of the building, which had washed it and put to dry. Pizer was however imprisoned during two days, in order to make it possible the police force to clear it with the eyes of the crowd which wanted the to lynch.

As from this moment, the assassin was described of fanatic demented person or sex maniac, without any knowledge in anatomy. The single index came from some witnesses who affirmed to have seen the victims discussing with a man carrying a small black case and a top hat.

Elizabeth Stride, known as “Long Liz”

Born Gustafsdotter the November 27th 1843 with Torslanda, district of Gothenburg, (Sweden), mother of two children and divorced in 1876 John Thomas Stride, it was found died the September 30th 1888. Its body was discovered in the court of the Berner Club by a certain Louis Diemschutz. It was incinerated in the Cemetery Is of London.

Its body was discovered in the court of a sheltering building of the Jews and of the German S. It presented only one deep notch to the throat; according to the testimony of a coachman, blood still ran some when he discovered it.

According to certain specialists, this murder, which was made very little of time before the following and in a place moved away, cannot be the work of Jack the eventror. It is however allotted to him. Moreover, the victim was not strangled but directly cut the throat of and arms it used, a Couteau with broad and short blade and badly sharpened, is different from that used for the four other victims, a knife with long and fine blade sharpened very well. This same type of knife will be used for assassinating and mutilating wildly Catherine Eddowes later approximately forty-five minutes. The assassin would have used the same type of weapon for the first two victims and would have changed for the third to return to the first choice for the fourth (45 minutes later) and the fifth. It is more probable than Elisabeth Stride was victim of an assassin " occasionnel" , like much of prostitutes at the time. A witness, Israel Swartz, saw it being made attack by a drunk man who threw it by ground while vociferating of the insults, in particular with regard to a witness. What seems not to correspond to the mode of attack of Jack the eventror. Within sight of the steppings of testimonys of the police force, the drunk man is most probably the assassin.

Catherine Eddowes, known as “Kate Kelly”

Born the April 14th 1842 with Wolverhampton (Staffordshire), it had three children of its companion Thomas Conway. Killed the September 30th 1888, it was awfully mutilated, and found in a public park, Miter Public garden.

Catherine Eddowes was subjected to a true martyrdom, probably because of the fact that Jack had not been able to complete its " travail" on Elisabeth Stride. She was found lying in a pool of blood, the open belly. The victim was completely disfigured, the Nez and the notched Oreille left, the face marked of a broad V to the knife. The body almost was decapitated, opened “like a pig with the display”, the Estomac and the Intestins posed on the right shoulder, the cut Foie, the kidneys and the Genitals removed.

Mary Jane Kelly, known as “Ginger”

Born towards 1863 - 1864 in the city or the County of Limerick in Ireland, widowed Davies, it was assassinated Friday November 9th 1888 around 3 hours of the morning to the 13, Miller' S Court. Its remainders were incinerated with the catholic cemetery St Patrick in London.

According to the report/ratio of Autopsy, the last murder exceeded all the others of horror:

the body is lengthened in the middle of the bed, the shoulders flat, but the axis of the body is slightly tilted towards the left side, the head turned on the left cheek. The left arm is along the body, with the folded up front armlever with right angle and resting across the abdomen. The right-hand man, somewhat detached of the body, is on the mattress, while the front armlever, posed on the Abdomen, lets see the tight fingers. The legs are largely drawn aside, the left thigh forming a right angle with the trunk, while the right thigh draws an obtuse angle with the Pubis. All surface external of the abdomen and the thighs was torn off, whereas the internal organs were withdrawn from the abdominal Cavité. The Seins are cut at their base, the mutilated arms of many irregular stabs and the face is completely unrecognizable. The fabrics of the neck were divided to the bone. The internal organs were scattered a little everywhere: the Uterus, the kidneys and a center are under the head; the other center, nearly the right foot; the Liver, between the feet; internal , with the right-hand side of the body; the Spleen with the left of the body; scraps of flesh of the abdomen and thighs were piled up on a table; the Cœur was withdrawn and was not found.

Other possible victims

Several other women were attacked or assassinated for the period when Jack prevails Eventreur. Some of these crimes are sometimes allotted to him:

Annie Millwood

Born towards 1850, victim of an aggression the February 25th 1888 in White' S Row, involving its hospitalization for many wounds in the legs and the body. It left the hospital and died of the continuations of its wounds, the March 3rd 1888.

Ada Wilson

Born towards 1868, victim of an aggression which has occurred the March 28th 1888 at it 19, Maiden Street, which it survived.

Martha Tabram known as " Emma Turner"

Born White the May 10th 1849 in London, marries separate of Henry Samuel Tabram of which it had 2 wire, is assassinated the August 7th 1888 in George Yard. Its body was found larded of 39 stabs. She is regarded by certain as a possible victim of Jack the eventror, taking into account the place, of the date and the circumstances of her death. However, it neither was cut the throat of nor cut up, contrary to the other victims (Eddowes excluded). The doubt remains nevertheless, because the evolution in the gravity of the wounds of the victims of Jack Éventreur indicates a behavior suitable for the psychological profile of the serial killers and makes it possible to think that Martha Tabram would have been assassinated by the famous killer of Whitechapel.

Elizabeth Jackson known as " Lizzie"

The body of this prostitute of Sloane Public garden, born the March 18th 1865, was found of pieces in the the Thames between the May 31st and the June 25th 1889.

Personality of the killer

The nickname

“Jack the eventror” is a nickname which can come from a journalist or, which is less probable, of Jack itself.

The nickname of Jack, retained by the History, finds its origin in a letter called Dear Boss , received the September 27th 1888 by the Central News Agency and signed Jack the Ripper . It is not authenticated as being hand of the killer; it is regarded as possible that it is about a Canular or of an attempt to accentuate the repercussion of the business.

Some affirm that this nickname comes from a journalist of the Star , named Bert, which wanted to make more its articles “crusty” and decided to give a name to this killer.

The pseudonym Jack the Ripper remained owing to the fact that Scotland Yard reproduced this letter in the newspapers, hoping that somebody recognizes the writing and would thus allow to identify the assassin.

Notoriety

Compared with other serial killers, Jack the eventror did only few victims. Several reasons can explain its notoriety. At the time of the facts, already, its crimes had a resounding echo in the newspapers, at one time when they were in full expansion and where they fought a wild battle in the research of the sensational one. The eagerness and the skill of the killer on his victims were particularly impressive: rare were those which could have cut the throat of, decapitate and break a woman with such a brutality and at the same time such a precision. The agility of Jack the eventror also contributed to his celebrity.

Several other elements made it possible this assassin to enter annals of the crime and the Collective memory. Most remarkable of the media by the eventror himself is certainly the use, made new at the time. On some 360 letters received by the newspapers and the police force, only a fortnight are allotted to him with certainty; these letters caused a snowball effect which propelled the misdeeds of the criminal to the one of the topicality during several months. The popular passion which resulted from it was maintained by the failures repeated the Metropolitan Police (Scotland Yard). Thereafter, it was suggested that the majority of the letters signed in letters of blood “Your humble servant Jack Eventreur” do not come from the criminal but undoubtedly from a journalist of the Star, named Bert, in order to make assemble pullings. The diversity of the styles of these letters adds to confusion and thickens the mystery more.

Another element is the mystery which continues, today still, to surround the personality of Jack: Metropolitan Police indeed never put the hand on the murderer, nor even on a credible suspect. The speculations, which never ceased since the first day, continue to arouse the interest.

Lastly, East End of London, receptacle of misery in a tentacular capital, stimulates imagination with its dark lanes, its promiscuity, its shady crowd, her unhealthy air in charge of diseases and its fog (more phantasm that proven), one of the many aspects of the Industrial revolution.

Indices

After the double crime of the September 30th, the police force inspected the places in the search of indices or witnesses. Around 3 hours of the morning, an inspector named Alfred Long discovered a graffiti registered with chalk white on a wall not far from the place where Catherine Eddowes had been assassinated. The text was: “The Juwes are the men That Will not Be Blamed for nothing” (“the Jews will be shown for nothing”). In order not to wake up movements anti-semites, the inscription was immediately noted then unobtrusive.

The “ripperologists” however raised a curious correlation between the bad orthography of the word Juwes instead of Jews (Jewish) and the name of Jubelum (apprentice of Hiram), met in the holy book of the freemasons. It was deduced from it that Jack the eventror was Franc-maçon, or in any case near to them.

Theories and suspects

Three suspects were the subject of books and film adaptations. It is about the prince Albert Victor of Wales, heir to the crown of Great Britain, the doctor and surgeon Sir William Gul and of the painter and artist Walter Sickert.
  • Patricia Cornwell in her book Jack the eventror: classified case - Portrait of a killer defends the theory (based on old samples of DNA) according to which the painter Walter Sickert would be the author of the five murders. Its works would be the reflection of its crimes. The argument defended in the book rests however on a beam of coincidences not having force of proof. It shows certainly that Sickert is related to one or more written letters in the name of the eventror, but it does not manage to provide the irrefutable proof of its culpability.

  • In its Red book of Jack the eventror , Stephan Bourgoin, specialist in the serial killers tries to describe the facts objectively and draws up a portrait of the killer, without seeking to prove the identity of Jack the eventror.

  • certain Doctor Neill Cream, to have declared “I am Jack it…” right before being made hang, was regarded a long time as the suspect number one. Seuleument it proved that it had been held of 1881 to 1891 in a prison in America.

  • In a book of Stephen Knight (whose thesis is included in From Hell , a cartoon of Alan Moore then adapted to the cinema), the culprit would be Sir William Gul, surgeon of the royal family. The motivations of this expert remain prone to controversies today: the prostitutes would have been pilot of a secret marriage (not proven) between the prince Albert of England and a young catholic commoner; Gul would then have received for mission of eliminating them so that they cannot exert blackmail on the royal family. This theory has success because it binds the royal family to the murders. For its partisans, the culpability of the surgeon appears all the more probable as the reports/ratios of autopsy insist on the quality of the éviscérations. In addition to the fact that the murders were made of night, in obscure places, a surgeon could obviously have enough anatomical knowledge to proceed to it. Nevertheless, the author of From Hell specifies however at the end of his book which this theory is a pure fiction, without unspecified bond with the truth.

  • Lastly, in a written letter in 1913 and discovered in 1993, J.G Littlechild, inspector as a chief of the secret police of London in 1888, mentioned Francis certain J. Tumblety. Its suspicions are based on the past of charlatan of this doctor to the the United States and on testimonys of its close relations affirming that it dedicated a disproportionate hatred with the women, that it qualified cattle . This suspect was stopped the November 19th 1888, the police force suspecting it of being related to the murders, then it was slackened in bond. He flees finally in the United States; several investigators were launched to its cases, but Tumblety managed to disappear mysteriously in January 1889. Thereafter, one reported assassinations curiously similar to those of Eventreur in the American West, like six horrible murders with Managua. Tumblety died in Saint Louis, the May 28th 1903. Tumblety which was claimed Doctor of medicine, had a collection of human organs and in particular a dozen matrix S of women. Tumblety had married very young person and broke very quickly when he discovered that its young woman that he liked passionately was in fact… a prostitute. He was condemned on several occasions, in particular for practices Homosexuel them (repressed with the time victorienne). It was also suspected of having taken part in the assassination of the president Abraham Lincoln in 1865. Tumblety left precipitately the England the December 5th 1888 for France, then the the United States. After its escape, the murders stopped. Scotland Yard then required of the police force New York to supervise Tumblety (fact which proves that Tumblety was regarded as a suspect of first order). Then old (55 years) at the times of the facts, there remains a completely credible suspect all the same.

  • a diary discovered in 1991 also resulted in to designate as potential assassin James Maybrick, an English trader deceased in 1889, which lived Liverpool but came regularly for its business to London and resided at Whitechapel. Expertises proved the authenticity of the document, which remains doubtful according to other scientists. The partisans of this thesis are also pressed on a watch having belonged to Maybrick, which would provide the irrefutable proof that Jack was Maybrick. It was engraved there: “James Maybrick, I amndt Jack”, and the initial ones of all the victims. But James Maybrick, whose text does not give a detail which could have been known only of the assassin, can have wanted to be made become for Jack the eventror to the eyes of the posterity.

  • In its book Jack Eventreur uncovered , Sophie Herfort, a French foreign language professeure of the the Alliance Fran1caise, intends to show that all the preceding assumptions were erroneous. It advances that the culprit would be Sir Melville Macnaghten, while being based on its memories, its dires as well as other indices. This police officer humiliated by the owner of Scotland Yard would have envisaged to be avenged. Indeed, after the reference of the Warren prefect, he is again candidate and obtains a station at Scotland Yard. According to Sophie Herfort, certain letters would evoke the desire at Jack the eventror to integrate the police force after having undergone a terrible ousting. She also explains why Sir Melville Macnaghten attended the prostitutes and expressed a strong feeling of hatred in their connection. In its memories, he acknowledges to take pleasure to frighten them. The man profited from a great experiment of hunter. At the time of its youth in India, it tracked the large predatory ones (deer, alligators…) in particular the jackal which it called " jack" (diminutive of " jackal" in English) and spoke to catch it with this characteristic style with the signed letters " Jack Eventreur" and sent to the police force! This man will praise later the abundance of his trophies. Its competences in tanning would have enabled him to practice the cutting-up " chirurgical" of its victims.

  • And if the eventror were… éventreuse? This track already followed at the time following the declarations of 2 witnesses having seen a woman to flee of the places of the crime of Mary Jane Kelly, was started again after the discovery in May 2006 by the biologist Ian Findlay of traces of DNA found under 2 stamps of the 15 envelopes sent and allotted with certainty to Jack the eventror. Indeed, these 2 DNA correspond to that of only one and even woman. At the time, the police force had suspected a Sage-femme named Mary Eleanor Wheeler, said Mary Pearcey born in 1866. In October 1890, this one was accused of the murder of the woman and the little girl of her lover Franck Hogg. Although having always protested its innocence, she was condemned to died and was hung the December 23rd 1890. She was buried with the cemetery of Newgate where its tomb is always visible. It remains with Pr Findlay to obtain a license to exhume to compare DNA of the 2 letters with that of the remainders of Mary Pearcey.

Studies

  • Roland Marx, 1888, Jack Éventreur and the phantasms victoriens , Complex, 2007 (new edition)

Tests

Novels

  • Emmanuel Ménard, the last victim , editions Bookstore of the Fields-Elysées, 1992
  • Philippe R. Welté, Jack the eventror: the secrecy of Mary Jane K. . An investigation prefaced by Pierre Bellemare.
  • Thomas Day, instinct of the knacker , editions Folio SF, 2002. Novel of Science fiction putting in scene Sherlock Holmes, Conan Doyle and Oscar Wilde in parallel universes.
  • the decorator , in Special Mission , by Boris Akounine.
  • the night of the eventror , Robert Bloch
  • the great depths , Rene Reouven
  • I was Jack the eventror , Claude Ferny
  • " Jack Éventreur" - of Robert Desnos. Account/investigation appeared in the newspaper " morning Paris " in 1928.
  • " Jack Eventreur Uncovered " editions Tallandier " More than one century after the facts, the mystery is finally dissipé" Sophie Herfort

Cartoon

Scenario writer: Alan Moore
Draftsman: Eddy Campbell Scenario, drawing and colors: Governed Loisel volume 2: Jack: Edith and Yann
  • the Hammer of the Witches (2007)
volume 2: Man Aces Cemjk - Siro and Thibert
Editions Glénat
  • Jack Éventreur (Sherlock Holmes), Duchateau and Rivière, Editions the mask, BDétective

Films

  • Jack the eventror ( The Lodger - 1944)

Realizer: John Brahm
Main actors: George Sanders, Laird Cregar, Cedric Hardwicke Realizers: Robert S. Baker, Monty Berman
Main actors: Eddie Byrne, John Mesurier, Betty Mac Dowall, Lee Patterson
  • Sherlock Holmes against Jack the eventror ( has Study in terror - 1965)
Réalisateur: James Hill
Main actors: John Neville, John Fraser, Judi Dench
  • the girl of Jack the eventror ( Hands off the ripper - 1971)
Realizer: Peter Sasdy (film of the production Hammer)
  • Jack the eventror ( Der Dirnenmorder - 1976)
Realizer: Jesus Free
Main actors: Klaus Kinski, Josephine Chaplin
  • Sherlock Holmes against Jack the eventror ( Murder by Decree - 1979)
Realizer: Bob Clark
Main actor: Christopher Plummer Réalisateur: Nicholas Meyer
Main actors: Malcolm McDowell, David Warner
  • Jack the eventror ( British Telefilm - 1988)
Realizer: David Wickes
Main actors: Michael Caine, Armand Assante, Jane Seymour Realizer: Gerard Kikoïne
Main actors: Anthony Perkins, Glynis To bore, Sarah Maur Thorp Realizers: Allen Hughes, Albert Hughes
Main actors: Johnny Depp, Heather Graham, Ian Holm

In Dr. Strangelove (Doctor Folamour in VF) of Stanley Kubrick, the general of the base of Burpelston, which sinks in the insanity and gives the order to go to bombard the Russians before committing suicide, Jack D. Ripper is called.

Televised series

  • Babylon 5 (episode 3.21) the Inquisiteur , in which the ideas are imagined which led Jack the eventror to assassinate prostitutes and a solution of science fiction to its disappearance.

  • Star Trek (1967) treated in an astute way of Jack the eventror in the episode Wolf in the fold (season 2).
  • the fantastic island (episode 4.7): Sincerely, Jack the eventror (first American diffusion 29/11/1980 on ABC) evokes the Serial killer in an episode particularly distressing.
  • In an episode of the series John Doe (season 1), murders are made by two imitatrices of Éventreur.
  • In cartoon film " Detective Conan Movie 6 - The Phantom off Baker Street" , Conan is found in London of the XIXe century in order to capture Jack Eventreur.
  • In the series Beyond reality: The adventure continues, an episode (1995, 11/22) rewritten the history of the eventror by adding there fantastic
  • In the series Smallville, Episode 4 of season 7, Doctor Curtis Knox (played by Dean Cain) is an immortal man who kills to save his wife so that it does not age.
Jack the eventror is one of the identities which it took during the XVIIIe century

Music

  • the album Horror Show , left in 2001, of the group of power/thrash American metal Iced Earth, concept-album where each track takes the topic of a different monster. Jack Eventreur in fact part.

  • Piece of pop-rock'n'roll of a group English, The Serving, entitled Jack the Ripper , on their album The Serving , left in 2004.
  • Piece of rock'n'roll garage of the London group The Horrors entitled " Jack the Ripper ".

  • Piece of the Macabre group of Metal , entitled Jack the Ripper .

  • the album " Sad wings off Destiny" group Heavy Metal Judas Priest contains a song which, today still, is one of traditional group: The Ripper. Composed by the Guitarist Glenn Tipton.

  • 1888 of the Conflict Paths, album-concept of Dark ambient, with the vocal collaboration of Andrew King reciting the letters received in autumn 1888 by the local press and signed Jack the Ripper .

  • a song of the French rock group of the Eighties Oth is entitled " Jack the éventreur". One finds this piece on their live of 1989. He tells the painful birth of Jack.

  • "Jack The Ripper" is a piece of the album “ Introducing Roland Kirk ”, album recorded in 1960 by the American jazzman Roland Kirk (in quintet).

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