Itxassou

Itxassou is a common French, located in the department of the Yrénées-Atlantiques and the area Aquitaine.

The Basque name is Itsasu , which means place of the brooms (of itsas, itxas “broom”).

The name of inhabitant is Itsasuar.

Geography

Situation

Itxassou is a commune of the Basque province of the Labourd.
Located at 4 km of Cambo, brood in a loop of the Nive, Itxassou gives an immediate access to the Artzamendi (926 m) or the Mondarrain (750 m).

According to a legend, the shoe of the horse of Roland, nephew of Charlemagne, would have broken into two a rock in a procession from where Nive emerges, at a place called today the Roland No. Out of Basque, this place is called Atekagaitz what means " bad passage".

Access

The commune is located at the intersection of the secondary roads D918 and D932.

Hydrography

The commune is crossed by the Nive and by its affluents, the brooks Crushes it, of Basseboure and Laxia, and Urotchéko Erreka.
Haitzaberriko erreka, a tributary of Larreko erreka which feeds the Nivelle, also sprinkles the commune.

Localities and hamlets

Districts:
  • Bassebourre (Basaburu): in geographical limit with Espelette, it gave its name to the brook quoted above).
  • Berandotz, Laxia ( Latse ) and Ortzia: in direction of Artzamendi
  • Errobi: accommodating the Saint-Profitable church (17th century)
  • Gerasto: with the foot of Mondarrain
  • Gibelarte: along the Nive, towards Bidarray
  • Izoki: on both sides of Nive
  • the place: center village with the short pediment
  • Laxia
  • Olasur: in the north of D932
  • Ortzia
  • Pannecau (Panekau): to 100 m of the village

Communes bordering

Toponymy

The toponym Itxassou appears in the forms Sanctus Fructuosus d' Itsatsou (1685, collations of the diocese of Bayonne), Union (1793) and Itsatsou (1863, topographic dictionary Basque Béarn-Country).

History

There exist funerary vestiges protohistoric (Cromlech S) with the collar of Mehatxe (or Mehatse - 716 m) on Mondarrain.

At the top of Mondarrain, a castle or a tower of guêt pertaining to the king of Navarre, and of which there remain only vestiges, was built with the Moyen-âge. The site was occupied until the 15th century.

The law of March 4th, 1790, which determined a new administrative landscape of France by creating departments and districts, decided birth of the department of the the Low-Pyrenees by joining together the Béarn, the Gascon grounds of Bayonne and Bidache, and the three French Basque provinces. For these last, three districts were created: Mauléon, Saint-Palate and Ustaritz, which replaced the baillage Labourd. By abuse of power of the local leaders, the head office of Ustaritz was transferred almost immediately to Bayonne. Its Directory encouraged a great number of municipalities to adopt new names in conformity with the spirit of the Revolution. Thus Itxassou was called Union , Ustaritz became Marat-on-Nive , Arbonne: Constant , Saint-Etienne-with-Baïgorry: Thermopyles , Saint-Palate: Mount-Bidouze , Saint-Jean-Foot-of-Port: Nive-Frank , Louhossoa: Mountain-on-Nive , Saint-Jean-with-Luz: Chauvinistic-Dragon , Ainhoa: Mendiarte and Souraïde: Mendialde .
In 1794, with most extremely of the Terror, and following the desertion from forty seven young people of Itxassou, the Committee of Public Hello made adopt and off-set in the Landes and the Ger, the totality of the inhabitants (men, women and children) of Ainhoa, Ascain, Espelette, Itxassou, Sare and Souraïde, issued, like the other common close relations of the Spanish border, common infamous .

Administration

Intercommunality

Itxassou belongs to ten inter-commune structures:

  • the Community of communes Errobi
  • SIVOM Artzamendi
  • Intercommunity association pouur the management of the center Txakurrak
  • Mixed trade-union of the contract of river of Nives
  • Nive Intercommunity association - Bubble
  • Trade union for the support for the Basque culture
  • Trade union of drinking water supply Ura
  • Mixed trade-union of cleansing Ura
  • autonomous Intercommunity association of cleansing Ur Garbitze
  • departmental Trade union of electrification.

Demography

Economy

Itxassou belongs to the zone AOC of production of the Piment of Espelette. The activity is mainly agricole.
1994 saw the creation of GIE Cerise of Itxassou/Itsasu , intended to start again the production and the marketing of cherry of Itxassou.

Culture and inheritance

Itxassou draws part of its fame from its black cherries, which are used in the Basque cakes, and in accompaniment of cheeses of ewe. As of March, the countryside avoids flowers of the cherry trees of the varieties xapata , beltza or peloa .
A festival of cherry takes place each year at the beginning of June.

Civil inheritance

The cromlech of Arluxatta is a vestige of the Protohistoire, just like those of Meatse, Meatseko-Biskarra, Iuskadi, Zelaïou or Mendittipia.
A fortified town Protohistorique ( Gaztelu zahar ) is visible with the locality Belozea.
The post office is an good example of the regionalistic architecture of the interval wars.

Religious heritage

The Saint-Profitable church dates from the XVIIe century. It conceals a table of Saenredam (to the presbytery) and various objects and furniture inventoried by the ministry for Culture.
The cemetery which surrounds the church is rich in tabular steles discoïdales and .

Environmental inheritance

Hiking trails lead to the tops of the Mondarrain and the Artzamendi, or until the martyrdom which overhang Ainhoa.

Equipment

The commune has a aerodrome, at the top of the Urzumu mount (or Ursumu - 180 m), which proposes activities of gliding.

; teaching Primary school education is exempted in a public school and a private school (Saint-Joseph).

Personalities related to the commune

  • Pierre Dospital, born in 1950 in Itxassou, is a player of Rugby to XV, which played with the team of France and with the Bayonne Aviron.

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