Isoglossal
The isoglossal term means in Greek: even language . When two Locuteur S of a linguistic unit can be included/understood spontaneously and without translator, that means that they are located inside of same isoglossal: their speech is (with a margin of few things) the same one. Contrary, when two speakers cannot include themselves/understand spontaneously and without translator, one says that they are separated by isoglossal: they belong to different linguistic units, each one is outside of isoglossal of its neighbor.
The concept of isoglossal is an important tool of the Dialectologie and linguistic Géographie. On a chart, it is often represented by a line which surrounds the territories covered by mutually comprehensible linguistic surfaces for their speakers. The isoglossal ones make it possible to isolate on the chart from the coherent geographical areas. One can then say that these zones correspond to Dialecte S concrete.
One can also trace the isoglossal ones grouping several languages, not necessarily mutually comprehensible for their speakers, but having the same historical origin (two results different from the evolution of the same vowel, two different words to return to the same concept, etc): Romance languages my-khmères, languages, languers Na-dene, etc the isoglossal one then becomes homocentric (in Greek: even family).
When several isoglossal is recovered one speaks about a beam isoglossal .
The dialectal units of some consistency are necessarily separated by an important beam the isoglossal ones, of which one is often regarded as emblematic. It is the case of the Ligne of Benrath (separating the speeches low-German and high-German, the feature emblematic of this beam being the Second consonant shift”: maken Vs machen ), of the Ligne Massed-Senigallia or line Carrara marble-Senigallia or line Spezia-Rimini (separating the speeches from the septentrional Italian of the Italian speeches central-Southerners, whose feature emblematic is the mark of the plural of the substantives: form in - S in north generally but abandoned in many modern dialects on the model of standard Italian, vocalic alternation in the south).
The word is to be arranged in the series of geographical tools where one has Isobare, Isotherme, etc, also of Greek origin (" even pression" , " even température" …).
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