Islamic Civilization

The ic Civilization Islam indicates the geographical area covered by the Moslem conquest, and is identified consequently with the Arab civilization of the period known as classical Arabic, until the fall of the Caliphate of Baghdad in term of dating. Indeed, until this time, the collusion with the world arabo-Moslem is total.

This article does not treat religious, but cultural aspects related to the civilization concerned in the aforesaid dating. For the modern meaning, to see Arab Countries.

Geographical extension

Two types of cultural Rayonnement operate, they must be distinguished.

cultural Arabisation:

the Moslem conquest leads to this principal geographical extension.
Territoire: since the Spain (Al-Andalus) and the Ifriqiya in the west, until the India in the east, and inhabited by populations of Islamic culture.

Islam was born in Arabia in the surroundings from 610, following the made revelation with Mouhammad (Mahomet). The Arabs benefit from the weakness of the close empires (empires Byzantine and Sassanide). Fulgurating the military expansion, and the weak rejection of the Arab conquerors by the autochtones, are explained as for them by a many and ordered light cavalry, a not very constraining presence and especially with the good behavior of the Arab soldiers. Will to extend Islam (Jihad = " effort in the foi" , i.e. the will to propagate the new faith in a single god, results in a fast expansion having induced to extend a control on the world trade.

The first crushing arguments of these conquests arrive at the 8th century, which perhaps regarded as the apogee of the empire arabo-Moslem: battles of Constantinople (718), of Poitiers (732) and of Catholic students (751). The unit of this vast territorial unit is dislocated with the dynastic, political and religious quarrels (661: birth of the Shiism).

See also: Origins of Islam, History of the Moslem conquest

religious Islamization:

Another zone of extension: that of Islamization. She adds countries of the World to the preceding one.
This zone is vaster, and includes/understands parts of the Black Africa, the coasts of the Corne of Africa, the Filipino Indonesia and the where the populations come into contact with the religion of the traders come to make the trade of rare food products.

History

The Islamic religion appears at the 7th century of the Christian era. In a hundred years, it is diffused quickly with the whole of the Mediterranean basin via the Arabs who conquer North Africa populated of long time by the Berbère S; they extend to the Iberian peninsula directed by Germanic people; the Arabs also integrate the Occidental Asia and demolish the Byzantine and the Perse S Sassanides. These areas are thus varied by their settlement and knew already the slavery and the draft of the Africans since Antiquity. They are partly unified by the culture arabo-Moslem woman, whose bases are monks and urban; they use the Arab and the Dinar in the commercial transactions. Mecque in Arabia is the Holy City towards which the Berber, Arab, Persian Moslems or Turkish leave in Pèlerinage.

After the fall of the dynasty of the Omeyyades (750), the Muslim world is parcelled out in several political entities (Califat S, emirate S, Sultanat S) often rival.

Government

Culture

Art

Structure

Sciences and philosophy

See also: Islamic Sciences and technology, Islamic Philosophy, Islamic Civilization out of Al-Andalus

Education

See also: Education in the world medieval arabo-Moslem

Right

Company

Religion

Religious brotherhoods

August 1st

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